gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.
Cranes
Gantry overhead bridge jib auto operators cranes sky school terex portable hoists.
 
gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.

CRANES

Click to go to section

CRANES

What are the Different Types of Cranes?

Different types of Cranes?

Telescopic Crane

Tower Crane

Truck Mounted Crane

Rough terrain crane

Crawler crane

Loader crane

Overhead crane or suspended crane

Stacker crane

Hydraulic Cranes

Truck mounted and rough terrain cranes

Loader cranes

Stacker cranes

Gantry cranes

Floating cranes

Tower cranes

All cranes

Gantry Cranes

NAI Specialized Gantry Cranes:

Single-Leg Gantry Crane

Unique Trackless Gantry Crane

A Gantry Crane May Save You Money

Work Station Bridge Cranes

Features of Track Workstation Bridge Cranes

Customization

Design Factor

Service Factor

Protective Packaging

Hydraulic Cranes

Managing Mobile Crane Hazards - Crane Selection, Site Review & Setup

Key Concepts:

Crane Selection

Recommendations:

Types of Cranes

Learning Opportunity

Site Review & Crane Setup

Assembly Hazards

Supporting Surfaces

Abstract

Tower cranes

Hydraulic cranes

Loader cranes

Telescopic cranes

Gantry cranes

Stacker cranes

Floating cranes

Crawler cranes

Overhead cranes

Industrial Cranes

History of cranes

Ancient Greek cranes

Ancient Roman cranes

Origins

Structure and placement

Harbor cranes

Crane operator training and certification

USA

Types of cranes

Railroad cranes

Mobile crane

Crane operator training and certification

USA

Types of cranes

Railroad cranes

Mobile crane

Tower crane

Truck-mounted crane

Rolloader crane

Rough terrain crane

Crawler crane

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NOTE: GANTRY CRANES, BRIDGE CRANES, JIB CRANES AND AUTO CRANES' CRANE OPERATORS SHOULD HAVE EXPERIENCE TO MOVE TO AN OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE. NATIONAL CRANE OVERHEAD CRANES AND CRANE TRUCKS REQUIRED ATTENDANCE AT A CRANE SCHOOL TO PREVENT CRANE ACCIDENT. USED CRANES FOR SALE CAN BE FOUND LOCALLY (SEE ABOVE CITY LIST) FOR THE TEREX CRANE, PORTABLE CRANE, CRANE HOISTS (HOIST CRANE), AND TRUCK CRANE, AS WELL AS OTHER CRANE EQUIPMENT. CAN BE SENT AT DISCOUNT PRICES. YOU CAN BUY NOW OR RENT. EQUIPMENT IS ON SALE WITH A PRICE COST OF LOW DOLLARS AND CENTS. REFUND IS OFTEN IN CASH IF NOT SATISFIED. IF YOU DECIDE TO BUILD YOUR OWN (DIY) YOU CAN OFTEN UTILIZE LEFTOVERS FROM FACTORY SECONDS, SURPLUS , DISCONTINUED MERCHANDISE, GARAGE CLEAN OUTS, WAREHOUSE CLEANOUT, RETAIL CLOSEOUTS, ITEMS FROM FACTORY REJECTS, OUT OF BUSINESS SALES & FACTORY CLEAN OUTS. FINALLY, DON'T OVERLOOK CLOSEOUTS! WHEN BUYING ONLINE, PAYPAL, MASTERCARD, DISCOVER, AMERICAN EXPRESS, AND VISA ARE ALMOST ALWAYS ACCEPTED. RENTALS OF FIRST AND SECOND QUALITY ARE POSSIBLE. SPECIAL PRICES ALWAYS APPEAR AT CLOSEOUT AND DISTRESSED SALES. WE DO NOT BROKER OR BUY THESE ITEMS FOR RESALE. ORDINARILY, THE SALE PRICE IS FINAL FOR USED EQUIPMENT, REPOSSESSIONS, JUNK, INSURANCE SALVAGE OR FREIGHT SALVAGE. DISTRESSED MERCHANDISE CAN BE A GOOD SOURCE OF GENERAL SUPPLY FOR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. AGAIN, BUY NOW, BUY NOW, BUY NOW. THE SALE PRICE MAY NEVER BE LOWER. SAVE $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $.

What are the Different Types of Cranes?

A crane is a type of tower that is equipped with pulleys and cables and is used to lower and lift materials. Cranes are most commonly used in industry that requires heavy machinery, such as construction or other earth moving tasks.

Different types of Cranes?

There are many different styles and variation of cranes that abound in the world.  They are each used for specific tasks and the majorities are used for industrial purposes and are considered heavy equipment machinery.

Telescopic Crane
This crane has boom that consists of number of different fitted tubes that reside inside each other.  A hydraulic mechanism is what extends or retracts the tubes to increase or decrease the length of the main boom.

gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment. gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.   gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.

gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.    gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.      gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.

Tower Crane
This crane is fixed to the ground and gives a great combination of height and lifting capacity.  It’s commonly used in construction to build sky scrapers and other tall buildings. 

To save space and to provide stability the vertical part of the crane is typically braced directly onto the completed building which is normally the concrete lift shaft located in the center.

gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.   gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.        

gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.   gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.     gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.

Truck Mounted Crane
a crane that is mounted on a rubber tire truck that drives around for maximum portability.  When in operation Outriggers extend horizontally and then vertically to both level and stabilize the crane for hoisting operations.

gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.   gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.    gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.

gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.   gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.

gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.

Rough terrain crane
this is a crane that is mounted on an undercarriage contains four rubber tires and is designed for pick-up and carry operations. 

Outriggers extend first horizontally and then vertically to both level and stabilize the crane for hoisting operations.

gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.    gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.     gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.

gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.   gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.    gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.

Crawler crane
an undercarriage mounted crane that also has a set of tracks that provide extra stability and mobility.

gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.    gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.      gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.     gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.      gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.   gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.

Loader crane
a loader crane is fitted to a trailer and used to unload/load goods onto the trailer.  It contains many different jointed sections that can be folded into a smaller space when the crane is not being used.  One of the sections may be able to telescopic in and out.

gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.   gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.     gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.

gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.    gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.   gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.

Overhead crane or suspended crane
the hoist is located on a trolley that moves in one direction along one or two beams and is always at a right angle.  These cranes are often mounted on the side of an assembly area.

gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.   gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.   gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.

gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment. gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.     gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.

Stacker crane
a crane with a mechanism similar to a forklift that is used in automated warehouses.  The crane moves on a track located in a warehouse and the fork can be raised or lowered to various storage levels to retrieve products. 

Stacker cranes are most often used in hazardous environments like freezer, so worker dos not have to tolerate harsh conditions.

gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.   gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.     gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.

gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.   gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.

Hydraulic Cranes

A crane is a mechanical lifting device equipped with hoists, wire ropes and sheaves that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. Cranes are commonly employed in the construction industry and in manufacturing heavy equipment.

gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.           gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.    gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.

Cranes are machines that use levers and/or pulleys to lift significant weights. A crane one passes on the road may look like a fairly modern invention, but these machines have actually been used for at least the past 2000 years, if not longer.

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NOTE: GANTRY CRANES, BRIDGE CRANES, JIB CRANES AND AUTO CRANES' CRANE OPERATORS SHOULD HAVE EXPERIENCE TO MOVE TO AN OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE. NATIONAL CRANE OVERHEAD CRANES AND CRANE TRUCKS REQUIRED ATTENDANCE AT A CRANE SCHOOL TO PREVENT CRANE ACCIDENT. USED CRANES FOR SALE CAN BE FOUND LOCALLY (SEE ABOVE CITY LIST) FOR THE TEREX CRANE, PORTABLE CRANE, CRANE HOISTS (HOIST CRANE), AND TRUCK CRANE, AS WELL AS OTHER CRANE EQUIPMENT. CAN BE SENT AT DISCOUNT PRICES. YOU CAN BUY NOW OR RENT. EQUIPMENT IS ON SALE WITH A PRICE COST OF LOW DOLLARS AND CENTS. REFUND IS OFTEN IN CASH IF NOT SATISFIED. IF YOU DECIDE TO BUILD YOUR OWN (DIY) YOU CAN OFTEN UTILIZE LEFTOVERS FROM FACTORY SECONDS, SURPLUS , DISCONTINUED MERCHANDISE, GARAGE CLEAN OUTS, WAREHOUSE CLEANOUT, RETAIL CLOSEOUTS, ITEMS FROM FACTORY REJECTS, OUT OF BUSINESS SALES & FACTORY CLEAN OUTS. FINALLY, DON'T OVERLOOK CLOSEOUTS! WHEN BUYING ONLINE, PAYPAL, MASTERCARD, DISCOVER, AMERICAN EXPRESS, AND VISA ARE ALMOST ALWAYS ACCEPTED. RENTALS OF FIRST AND SECOND QUALITY ARE POSSIBLE. SPECIAL PRICES ALWAYS APPEAR AT CLOSEOUT AND DISTRESSED SALES. WE DO NOT BROKER OR BUY THESE ITEMS FOR RESALE. ORDINARILY, THE SALE PRICE IS FINAL FOR USED EQUIPMENT, REPOSSESSIONS, JUNK, INSURANCE SALVAGE OR FREIGHT SALVAGE. DISTRESSED MERCHANDISE CAN BE A GOOD SOURCE OF GENERAL SUPPLY FOR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. AGAIN, BUY NOW, BUY NOW, BUY NOW. THE SALE PRICE MAY NEVER BE LOWER. SAVE $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $.

The Romans used cranes to build huge monuments. Medieval churches were constructed with them. Also, the Egyptians may have used them to create pyramids. The modern version can be either simple or complex, and cranes vary based on their application.

A relatively simple crane is the mobile crane. A telescopic boom (arm) or steel truss mounts its movable platform. Either pulleys or levers raise the boom. Generally a hook suspends from the boom.

The platform of a mobile crane can either have traditional wheels, wheels designed for railroad tracks, or a caterpillar track, which is useful for navigating unpaved and uneven surfaces.

Mobiles can be used for demolition or earthmoving by replacing the hook with an appropriate tool, such as a wrecking ball or bucket. Telescopic cranes, with a series of hydraulic tubes fit together to form the boom, can also be mobile.

Truck mounted and rough terrain cranes

are both essentially mobile as well. The truck-mounted crane generally has outriggers to increase its stability. Rough terrain cranes tend to have a base that resembles the bottom of a 4-wheel drive vehicle.

Outriggers also stabilize these cranes. They tend to be used in rough terrain, as the name suggests, and are frequently used to pick up and transport materials.

Loader cranes

have hydraulic powered booms fitted onto trailers. They load goods onto the trailer and the jointed sections of the boom are folded down when not in use.

The loader may also be considered telescopic, as one section of the boom, in some designs, may telescope for ease of use.

Stacker cranes

are most frequently seen in automated warehouses where they tend to follow an automatic retrieval system. For example, in huge automated freezers, these cranes, equipped with forklift apparatus, can work by remote, stacking or obtaining foods as needed. This retrieval system makes it possible to keep workers out of the cold.

Gantry cranes

Most often found in ports and railroads, where they unload and move huge containers off of ships and trains. The bases are huge crossbeams which run on rails, so lifted containers can be moved from one location to another. The portainer is a special type of gantry that lifts materials on and off ships.

Floating cranes

mounted on barges or pontoons are also essential to the shipping industry. Situated in water, they are used to construct ports, salvage ships or build bridges.

Like portainers, floating cranes also can unload ships. They are able to handle very heavy loads and awkwardly shaped containers.

Tower cranes

conversely, do not generally have a moveable base. These are often the tallest cranes, and have to be assembled piece by piece. The base looks like a long ladder, and the boom is perpendicular to the base.

Tower cranes are used to construct tall buildings, and in the case of skyscrapers, the tower crane is often assembled and affixed inside the building itself during construction.

All cranes

represent a meeting of simple machines, used for the purpose of reducing workload. However simple they may seem, they are instrumental in many aspects of industry.

They can dig, move, create, or destroy, depending on their type. Cranes exemplify that sometimes the oldest ideas are the best ones.

Gantry Cranes

An Increasingly Popular Alternative to Overhead Bridge Cranes

Long popular in Europe, gantry cranes have become a widely accepted alternative to overhead bridge cranes. This type of crane is similar to the bridge crane except that it runs on a runway at the floor level. The bridge is supported by a pair of rigid steel legs which are carried by a pair of end trucks along the floor level runway.

  • often costs less than a bridge crane
  • built to heavy duty Class D specifications, which meet the demands of high duty cycles and multiple shift operation, as well as providing decades of reliable service for all applications
  • available in spans to 150 feet and capacities to 150 tons
  • can be used either indoors or outside

NAI Specialized Gantry Cranes:

Single-Leg Gantry Crane

A combination of the bridge crane and gantry crane. One leg rides on the floor, while the other side’s end truck rides on a runway beam.

Unique Trackless Gantry Crane

Unlike most gantry cranes, which run on ASCE rails or an inverted angle iron, North American Industries offers gantry cranes that are specially designed to allow one leg to ride directly on a smooth concrete floor.

Thus, the cost and travel barriers normally associated with gantry tracks are eliminated. For applications where a smooth, clean floor is not possible, or in high capacities, our gantry cranes can ride on a leveled, 1/2" high steel plate.

 This floor-mounted plate provides an alternative to a 4" high rail track and still permits unobstructed access to the cranes’ work area by forklifts, work carts and personnel.

A Gantry Crane May Save You Money

Because gantry cranes ride on the ground rather than on overhead runways, they don't require a runway structure. Nor do they usually require concrete foundations. Their installation is fast and simple.

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NOTE: GANTRY CRANES, BRIDGE CRANES, JIB CRANES AND AUTO CRANES' CRANE OPERATORS SHOULD HAVE EXPERIENCE TO MOVE TO AN OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE. NATIONAL CRANE OVERHEAD CRANES AND CRANE TRUCKS REQUIRED ATTENDANCE AT A CRANE SCHOOL TO PREVENT CRANE ACCIDENT. USED CRANES FOR SALE CAN BE FOUND LOCALLY (SEE ABOVE CITY LIST) FOR THE TEREX CRANE, PORTABLE CRANE, CRANE HOISTS (HOIST CRANE), AND TRUCK CRANE, AS WELL AS OTHER CRANE EQUIPMENT. CAN BE SENT AT DISCOUNT PRICES. YOU CAN BUY NOW OR RENT. EQUIPMENT IS ON SALE WITH A PRICE COST OF LOW DOLLARS AND CENTS. REFUND IS OFTEN IN CASH IF NOT SATISFIED. IF YOU DECIDE TO BUILD YOUR OWN (DIY) YOU CAN OFTEN UTILIZE LEFTOVERS FROM FACTORY SECONDS, SURPLUS , DISCONTINUED MERCHANDISE, GARAGE CLEAN OUTS, WAREHOUSE CLEANOUT, RETAIL CLOSEOUTS, ITEMS FROM FACTORY REJECTS, OUT OF BUSINESS SALES & FACTORY CLEAN OUTS. FINALLY, DON'T OVERLOOK CLOSEOUTS! WHEN BUYING ONLINE, PAYPAL, MASTERCARD, DISCOVER, AMERICAN EXPRESS, AND VISA ARE ALMOST ALWAYS ACCEPTED. RENTALS OF FIRST AND SECOND QUALITY ARE POSSIBLE. SPECIAL PRICES ALWAYS APPEAR AT CLOSEOUT AND DISTRESSED SALES. WE DO NOT BROKER OR BUY THESE ITEMS FOR RESALE. ORDINARILY, THE SALE PRICE IS FINAL FOR USED EQUIPMENT, REPOSSESSIONS, JUNK, INSURANCE SALVAGE OR FREIGHT SALVAGE. DISTRESSED MERCHANDISE CAN BE A GOOD SOURCE OF GENERAL SUPPLY FOR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. AGAIN, BUY NOW, BUY NOW, BUY NOW. THE SALE PRICE MAY NEVER BE LOWER. SAVE $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $.

Depending on the environment and application, gantry cranes can sometimes provide the same material handling capabilities as a comparable bridge crane system, but with a significant cost savings.

The following chart shows a typical example of the cost savings in purchasing a gantry crane instead of an overhead bridge crane.

Please note that this price workup is only meant to be a demonstrative example of one instance where a gantry crane is advantageous for the customer. Contact our sales department for more information on whether a gantry crane is the best option for your specific needs.

For a 10 ton 60’ span Single Girder crane with a 200’ Runway 25’ high:

 

Bridge Crane

Gantry Crane

Crane

$29,280

$40,240

Runway

$29,108

N/A

Installation

$22,915

$19,100

Crane Rail

ASCE Rail: $2,900

Track: $6,880

TOTAL:

$84,205

$66,220

Cost Difference:

$17,985


However, not all Gantry Cranes cost less than their bridge crane counterparts. A gantry crane is a more cost-effective alternative if:

  • You are currently in a leased facility and do not want to make a major investment in a bridge crane runway structure.
  • You may be planning to move the crane in the near future and want to take your entire investment with you.
  • You require a crane system that moves loads between the interior and exterior of your building.
  • You need long runway structures of over 150 feet where the runway steel and f
  •  
  • Work Station Bridge Cranes
  • Foundation costs are very high.

 

Work Station Bridge Cranes

Enclosed track workstation bridge cranes by your supplier are offered in either stand alone workstation bridge crane kits, also known as free standing workstation bridge cranes, or ceiling mounted workstation bridge crane kits.

Features of Track Workstation Bridge Cranes

Enclosed track workstation bridge crane systems are pre-engineered modular and infinitely expandable, reduce vertical space and support requirements, and are ergonomically designed with a 100 to 1 productivity ratio and utilize a self cleaning V-profile design which maintains alignment of end trucks and trolleys.

Bridge cranes have large diameter polyamide wheels, which are extremely free rolling (steel wheels optional), with steel guide rollers to prevent end trucks from racking or binding.

Stand Alone Workstation Bridge Crane Components

Ceiling Mounted Workstation Bridge Crane Components

Easy, ergonomic movement

An operator pushing a 1000 lb. load will experience a force of approximately 10 lb. to begin moving the load and 8 lb. to continue moving the load (100 to 1 ratio).

Manual cranes also operate more quickly than motorized cranes, making a workstation bridge crane ideal for fast paced work environments.

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Customization

Your supplier specializes in customized crane design to meet any specific requirements. With a capable engineering department, your supplier can customize any standard product or bridge crane or design a system from the ground up.

From 2-D layouts to complete solid models, your supplier can create a custom enclosed track workstation bridge crane system design in a timely manner. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is utilized to assure that all custom designs meet the highest standards of safety. your supplier prides itself on developing creative solutions to customer’s material handling needs.

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NOTE: GANTRY CRANES, BRIDGE CRANES, JIB CRANES AND AUTO CRANES' CRANE OPERATORS SHOULD HAVE EXPERIENCE TO MOVE TO AN OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE. NATIONAL CRANE OVERHEAD CRANES AND CRANE TRUCKS REQUIRED ATTENDANCE AT A CRANE SCHOOL TO PREVENT CRANE ACCIDENT. USED CRANES FOR SALE CAN BE FOUND LOCALLY (SEE ABOVE CITY LIST) FOR THE TEREX CRANE, PORTABLE CRANE, CRANE HOISTS (HOIST CRANE), AND TRUCK CRANE, AS WELL AS OTHER CRANE EQUIPMENT. CAN BE SENT AT DISCOUNT PRICES. YOU CAN BUY NOW OR RENT. EQUIPMENT IS ON SALE WITH A PRICE COST OF LOW DOLLARS AND CENTS. REFUND IS OFTEN IN CASH IF NOT SATISFIED. IF YOU DECIDE TO BUILD YOUR OWN (DIY) YOU CAN OFTEN UTILIZE LEFTOVERS FROM FACTORY SECONDS, SURPLUS , DISCONTINUED MERCHANDISE, GARAGE CLEAN OUTS, WAREHOUSE CLEANOUT, RETAIL CLOSEOUTS, ITEMS FROM FACTORY REJECTS, OUT OF BUSINESS SALES & FACTORY CLEAN OUTS. FINALLY, DON'T OVERLOOK CLOSEOUTS! WHEN BUYING ONLINE, PAYPAL, MASTERCARD, DISCOVER, AMERICAN EXPRESS, AND VISA ARE ALMOST ALWAYS ACCEPTED. RENTALS OF FIRST AND SECOND QUALITY ARE POSSIBLE. SPECIAL PRICES ALWAYS APPEAR AT CLOSEOUT AND DISTRESSED SALES. WE DO NOT BROKER OR BUY THESE ITEMS FOR RESALE. ORDINARILY, THE SALE PRICE IS FINAL FOR USED EQUIPMENT, REPOSSESSIONS, JUNK, INSURANCE SALVAGE OR FREIGHT SALVAGE. DISTRESSED MERCHANDISE CAN BE A GOOD SOURCE OF GENERAL SUPPLY FOR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. AGAIN, BUY NOW, BUY NOW, BUY NOW. THE SALE PRICE MAY NEVER BE LOWER. SAVE $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $.

In addition to the usual customizations for special heights, spans, and lengths on a bridge crane, your supplier can specially design power drives for many models of our enclosed track workstation bridge crane systems. Special mounting needs can also be met with custom design.

Workstation bridge crane systems can be equipped with lighter weight ALU-TRACK® bridges. The possibilities are unlimited-your supplier can design to meet your needs!

Design Factor

Nameplate bridge capacity represents the rated load on the hoist hook. The load rating of a hoist shall not exceed the bridge rating. your supplier’s design includes an allowance of 15% of nameplate capacity for dead weight of the trolley and hoist. An additional allowance of 25% of nameplate capacity is also included for impact.

Service Factor

Workstation bridge cranes are designed for “heavy service” (with standard air hoists or electric hoists) as defined by the Monorail Manufacturer’s Association (MMA) as defined:

  • System or equipment is used where operational time is up to 100% of the work period and lifted load is at 50% or below rated capacity.
  • System or equipment is used where operational time is less than 50% of work period and lifted load is greater than 50% of rated capacity.
  • Applications involving vacuums, magnets, or other high impact lifters are considered severe usage (continuous service) and require special design considerations. Please contact factory for special design pricing.
  • Consult factory for usage other than moderate and all instances of high cycle rates or high impact applications such as high-speed air or electric hoists, vacuum lifters, or magnets. Factory MUST approve ALL such applications.

Protective Packaging for Cranes

your supplier’s Workstation Bridge cranes are 100% packaged for the best possible paint finish protection during shipment. All runways and bridges are separated and covered with a layer of micro foam. Heavy-duty corner boards are applied and then each bundle is passed through a stretch-wrapping machine. The bundles are then steel banded with wooden skids nailed through the bands for easy forklift handling.

All your supplier’s enclosed track workstation bridge crane components are packed securely in heavy-duty cardboard cartons and skidded as needed.

Spray paint for touch-up is provided in appropriate quantity, although it is seldom needed because of the high level of packaging protection.

What are the Different Types of Cranes?

Cranes are machines that use levers and/or pulleys to lift significant weights. A crane one passes on the road may look like a fairly modern invention, but these machines have actually been used for at least the past 2000 years, if not longer.

The Romans used cranes to build huge monuments. Medieval churches were constructed with them. Also, the Egyptians may have used them to create pyramids. The modern version can be either simple or complex, and cranes vary based on their application.

A relatively simple crane is the mobile crane. A telescopic boom (arm) or steel truss mounts its movable platform. Either pulleys or levers raise the boom. Generally a hook suspends from the boom.

The platform of a mobile crane can either have traditional wheels, wheels designed for railroad tracks, or a caterpillar track, which is useful for navigating unpaved and uneven surfaces.

Mobiles can be used for demolition or earthmoving by replacing the hook with an appropriate tool, such as a wrecking ball or bucket. Telescopic cranes, with a series of hydraulic tubes fit together to form the boom, can also be mobile.

Truck mounted and rough terrain cranes are both essentially mobile as well. The truck-mounted crane generally has outriggers to increase its stability.

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NOTE: GANTRY CRANES, BRIDGE CRANES, JIB CRANES AND AUTO CRANES' CRANE OPERATORS SHOULD HAVE EXPERIENCE TO MOVE TO AN OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE. NATIONAL CRANE OVERHEAD CRANES AND CRANE TRUCKS REQUIRED ATTENDANCE AT A CRANE SCHOOL TO PREVENT CRANE ACCIDENT. USED CRANES FOR SALE CAN BE FOUND LOCALLY (SEE ABOVE CITY LIST) FOR THE TEREX CRANE, PORTABLE CRANE, CRANE HOISTS (HOIST CRANE), AND TRUCK CRANE, AS WELL AS OTHER CRANE EQUIPMENT. CAN BE SENT AT DISCOUNT PRICES. YOU CAN BUY NOW OR RENT. EQUIPMENT IS ON SALE WITH A PRICE COST OF LOW DOLLARS AND CENTS. REFUND IS OFTEN IN CASH IF NOT SATISFIED. IF YOU DECIDE TO BUILD YOUR OWN (DIY) YOU CAN OFTEN UTILIZE LEFTOVERS FROM FACTORY SECONDS, SURPLUS , DISCONTINUED MERCHANDISE, GARAGE CLEAN OUTS, WAREHOUSE CLEANOUT, RETAIL CLOSEOUTS, ITEMS FROM FACTORY REJECTS, OUT OF BUSINESS SALES & FACTORY CLEAN OUTS. FINALLY, DON'T OVERLOOK CLOSEOUTS! WHEN BUYING ONLINE, PAYPAL, MASTERCARD, DISCOVER, AMERICAN EXPRESS, AND VISA ARE ALMOST ALWAYS ACCEPTED. RENTALS OF FIRST AND SECOND QUALITY ARE POSSIBLE. SPECIAL PRICES ALWAYS APPEAR AT CLOSEOUT AND DISTRESSED SALES. WE DO NOT BROKER OR BUY THESE ITEMS FOR RESALE. ORDINARILY, THE SALE PRICE IS FINAL FOR USED EQUIPMENT, REPOSSESSIONS, JUNK, INSURANCE SALVAGE OR FREIGHT SALVAGE. DISTRESSED MERCHANDISE CAN BE A GOOD SOURCE OF GENERAL SUPPLY FOR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. AGAIN, BUY NOW, BUY NOW, BUY NOW. THE SALE PRICE MAY NEVER BE LOWER. SAVE $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $.

Rough terrain cranes tend to have a base that resembles the bottom of a 4-wheel drive vehicle. Outriggers also stabilize these cranes. They tend to be used in rough terrain, as the name suggests, and are frequently used to pick up and transport materials.

Loader cranes have hydraulic powered booms fitted onto trailers. They load goods onto the trailer and the jointed sections of the boom are folded down when not in use. The loader may also be considered telescopic, as one section of the boom, in some designs, may telescope for ease of use.

Stacker cranes are most frequently seen in automated warehouses where they tend to follow an automatic retrieval system. For example, in huge automated freezers, these cranes, equipped with forklift apparatus, can work by remote, stacking or obtaining foods as needed. This retrieval system makes it possible to keep workers out of the cold.

Gantry cranes are most often found in ports and railroads, where they unload and move huge containers off of ships and trains. The bases are huge crossbeams which run on rails, so lifted containers can be moved from one location to another. The portainer is a special type of gantry that lifts materials on and off ships.

Floating cranes mounted on barges or pontoons are also essential to the shipping industry. Situated in water, they are used to construct ports, salvage ships or build bridges. Like portainers, floating cranes also can unload ships. They are able to handle very heavy loads and awkwardly shaped containers.

Tower cranes, conversely, do not generally have a moveable base. These are often the tallest cranes, and have to be assembled piece by piece.

The base looks like a long ladder, and the boom is perpendicular to the base. Tower cranes are used to construct tall buildings, and in the case of skyscrapers, the tower crane is often assembled and affixed inside the building itself during construction.

All cranes represent a meeting of simple machines, used for the purpose of reducing workload. However simple they may seem, they are instrumental in many aspects of industry. They can dig, move, create, or destroy, depending on their type. Cranes exemplify that sometimes the oldest ideas are the best ones.

Hydraulic Cranes

A crane is a mechanical lifting device equipped with hoists, wire ropes and sheaves that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. Cranes are commonly employed in the construction industry and in manufacturing heavy equipment.

Managing Mobile Crane Hazards - Crane Selection, Site Review & Setup

Key Concepts:

  • Considerations for proper crane selection and the various types of mobile cranes used in construction.
  • Factors that affect stability, capacity and the proper set-up of mobile cranes.

Crane Selection

Considerations:

  • The weights, dimensions and lift radii expected.
  • The type of lifting to be done.
  • Serviceability of the equipment.
  • The site conditions.

Recommendations:

  • Be capable of making all its lifts in its standard configuration.
  • 5% working margin.


Types of Cranes

  • Crawler Cranes
  • Locomotive Cranes
  • Wheel-Mounted Cranes (Multiple Control Stations)
  • Wheel-Mounted Cranes (Single Control Stations)
  • Commercial Truck-Mounted Cranes

Learning Opportunity

  • When selecting a mobile crane, what are some things that its size and characteristics must be considered against.
  • Name four (4) different types of cranes used in the industry.

Site Review & Crane Setup

Jobsite Conditions:

  • Supporting Surfaces
  • Access & Stability (transporting a crane)
  • Working area

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NOTE: GANTRY CRANES, BRIDGE CRANES, JIB CRANES AND AUTO CRANES' CRANE OPERATORS SHOULD HAVE EXPERIENCE TO MOVE TO AN OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE. NATIONAL CRANE OVERHEAD CRANES AND CRANE TRUCKS REQUIRED ATTENDANCE AT A CRANE SCHOOL TO PREVENT CRANE ACCIDENT. USED CRANES FOR SALE CAN BE FOUND LOCALLY (SEE ABOVE CITY LIST) FOR THE TEREX CRANE, PORTABLE CRANE, CRANE HOISTS (HOIST CRANE), AND TRUCK CRANE, AS WELL AS OTHER CRANE EQUIPMENT. CAN BE SENT AT DISCOUNT PRICES. YOU CAN BUY NOW OR RENT. EQUIPMENT IS ON SALE WITH A PRICE COST OF LOW DOLLARS AND CENTS. REFUND IS OFTEN IN CASH IF NOT SATISFIED. IF YOU DECIDE TO BUILD YOUR OWN (DIY) YOU CAN OFTEN UTILIZE LEFTOVERS FROM FACTORY SECONDS, SURPLUS , DISCONTINUED MERCHANDISE, GARAGE CLEAN OUTS, WAREHOUSE CLEANOUT, RETAIL CLOSEOUTS, ITEMS FROM FACTORY REJECTS, OUT OF BUSINESS SALES & FACTORY CLEAN OUTS. FINALLY, DON'T OVERLOOK CLOSEOUTS! WHEN BUYING ONLINE, PAYPAL, MASTERCARD, DISCOVER, AMERICAN EXPRESS, AND VISA ARE ALMOST ALWAYS ACCEPTED. RENTALS OF FIRST AND SECOND QUALITY ARE POSSIBLE. SPECIAL PRICES ALWAYS APPEAR AT CLOSEOUT AND DISTRESSED SALES. WE DO NOT BROKER OR BUY THESE ITEMS FOR RESALE. ORDINARILY, THE SALE PRICE IS FINAL FOR USED EQUIPMENT, REPOSSESSIONS, JUNK, INSURANCE SALVAGE OR FREIGHT SALVAGE. DISTRESSED MERCHANDISE CAN BE A GOOD SOURCE OF GENERAL SUPPLY FOR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. AGAIN, BUY NOW, BUY NOW, BUY NOW. THE SALE PRICE MAY NEVER BE LOWER. SAVE $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $.

Assembly Hazards:

  • Lattice Boom Assembly & Disassembly
  • Reeving the load line
  • Leveling the crane

Supporting Surfaces

  • Soil Conditions must be sufficient.
  • Blocking & Cribbing should be used.

Abstract

Due to the central role of cranes in construction operations, specialists in the construction industries have cooperated in the development of structured methods and software for crane selection.

Most of these software tools are for crane model selection, and integrated systems that handle both crane type and model selection are not readily available. This paper presents the crane type selection features of Intelli Cranes, a prototype integrated crane selection tool that assists in both crane type and crane model selection based on a set of inputs describing the construction operation under consideration.

By using historical data and advanced artificial intelligence computing tools such as artificial neural networks, Intelli Cranes automates crane type selection. Crane type and crane model selection are seamlessly integrated in a comprehensive crane selection tool, and consistency in the selection of cranes for similar situations is increased.

Cranes

Cranes are used to aid in the construction of heavy equipment and large buildings.  They use levers and cables in order to get materials from ground level to the upper ends of the job site. 

Cranes can be bought, rented, or leased depending upon your situation and the length of time you will need the help of this conveyer.  Their temporary help on the job site makes a world of difference when constructing large and heavy machinery.

There are many different types of cranes.  Before starting a project that involves a crane, it is best to educate yourself in the many types, in order to find one that fits your needs.

Tower cranes

are generally used in the construction of tall buildings; for they have a great reaching and lifting capability (they can reach up to 265 feet, out to 230 feet, and lift a total of about 20 tons).  The tower crane consists of an arm lying horizontally along the top of the tower, with one side holding up the lifting gear and another being a dead weight to balance the material. 

Hydraulic cranes

 are operated by just that…hydraulics.  Hydraulics uses a fluid to get energy from one point to another.  Many fluids can be used to make this happen, the most common being oil.  This energy helps moves the pistons up and down, which exerts so much power that a hydraulic crane can lift more than double the weight of a tower crane.

                                              gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.

Loader cranes

 are exclusively used in order to lift material onto a trailer.  By being attached to the trailer, it gives it leverage in order to lift heavy loads.

Telescopic cranes

 are made up of tubes inside of one another, which extend as the crane must reach higher elevations.

gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.           

Gantry cranes

are given ultra mobility because they are attached to move on rails.  These cranes which are used in the freight and railway systems are able to carry large loads.

Stacker cranes

 are used in warehouse in order to stack products on storage racks with little ease.   

Floating cranes

 are used when large bodies of water are involved.  This makes work on bridges, ports, and ship salvages much easier, due to the mobility of the crane over the water via platform.

Crawler cranes

move with a set of attached tracks in order to move more freely on any construction site.

Overhead cranes

move along beams, which gives support to lift very heavy materials.  These cranes are usually used in manufacturing sites.

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NOTE: GANTRY CRANES, BRIDGE CRANES, JIB CRANES AND AUTO CRANES' CRANE OPERATORS SHOULD HAVE EXPERIENCE TO MOVE TO AN OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE. NATIONAL CRANE OVERHEAD CRANES AND CRANE TRUCKS REQUIRED ATTENDANCE AT A CRANE SCHOOL TO PREVENT CRANE ACCIDENT. USED CRANES FOR SALE CAN BE FOUND LOCALLY (SEE ABOVE CITY LIST) FOR THE TEREX CRANE, PORTABLE CRANE, CRANE HOISTS (HOIST CRANE), AND TRUCK CRANE, AS WELL AS OTHER CRANE EQUIPMENT. CAN BE SENT AT DISCOUNT PRICES. YOU CAN BUY NOW OR RENT. EQUIPMENT IS ON SALE WITH A PRICE COST OF LOW DOLLARS AND CENTS. REFUND IS OFTEN IN CASH IF NOT SATISFIED. IF YOU DECIDE TO BUILD YOUR OWN (DIY) YOU CAN OFTEN UTILIZE LEFTOVERS FROM FACTORY SECONDS, SURPLUS , DISCONTINUED MERCHANDISE, GARAGE CLEAN OUTS, WAREHOUSE CLEANOUT, RETAIL CLOSEOUTS, ITEMS FROM FACTORY REJECTS, OUT OF BUSINESS SALES & FACTORY CLEAN OUTS. FINALLY, DON'T OVERLOOK CLOSEOUTS! WHEN BUYING ONLINE, PAYPAL, MASTERCARD, DISCOVER, AMERICAN EXPRESS, AND VISA ARE ALMOST ALWAYS ACCEPTED. RENTALS OF FIRST AND SECOND QUALITY ARE POSSIBLE. SPECIAL PRICES ALWAYS APPEAR AT CLOSEOUT AND DISTRESSED SALES. WE DO NOT BROKER OR BUY THESE ITEMS FOR RESALE. ORDINARILY, THE SALE PRICE IS FINAL FOR USED EQUIPMENT, REPOSSESSIONS, JUNK, INSURANCE SALVAGE OR FREIGHT SALVAGE. DISTRESSED MERCHANDISE CAN BE A GOOD SOURCE OF GENERAL SUPPLY FOR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. AGAIN, BUY NOW, BUY NOW, BUY NOW. THE SALE PRICE MAY NEVER BE LOWER. SAVE $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $.

Tips for safely using a crane:

  • Beware of your surroundings.  When using an object of such great size as a crane, it is imperative that you steer clear of power lines.  The disruption of power lines can not only be dangerous, but very costly should something go wrong.
  • Perform frequent equipment assessments.  Since a crane is so large, with many different gadgets, expect that you will have mechanical problems, and take the necessary measures to correct them.  It is better to be safe than sorry.
  • Educate your operators.  Before putting a worker behind a crane, be sure he is knowledgeable in the operation of the crane, and uses caution on the job site, including avoiding distractions.
  • Never hoist with people in the basket, or hoist more than capacity.

Industrial Cranes

Industrial cranes raise, shift, and lower loads with a projected, swinging arm or a hoisting apparatus supported on an overhead track.

There are many different types of products. Bench or cart-mounted cranes are designed for small workspaces and one-hand operation. Jib cranes mount on walls or floors and consist of a horizontal beam (jib) upon which a shuttle or hoist is mounted.

Floor or foundation-mounted jib cranes have higher load ratings than wall-mounted cranes. A cantilevered jib crane can incorporate full or partial rotation. Gantry cranes have a horizontal beam and end supports or legs. Machines range in size from small, workstation cranes to very large, heavy-duty construction cranes.

Overhead cranes or bridge cranes attach a horizontal load-carrying beam to wall columns (overhung) or the underside of the ceiling (under hung). Boom cranes use a structure, pole or boom to support a suspended cable for load attachment. Tower cranes use a cantilever boom, but are designed for very heavy-duty operations.

Mobile cranes and truck-mounted can be moved or driven to different locations. Ship cranes and deck cranes are designed for shipboard mounting and the loading or ships, freighters, and other maritime vessels.

Stacker cranes are similar to bridge cranes; however, instead of a hoist, these industrial cranes use a mast with forks or a platform to handle unit loads.  

Industrial cranes differ in terms of product specifications, features, and applications. Performance specifications to consider include load capacity, vertical available lifting height, and horizontal available span.

In terms of features, products such as tower, davit and jib cranes have a titling boom. Machines with a cantilevered boom or a jib that can be rotated with our without a load are also available. Industrial cranes with wheels are designed for load transport and positioning.

Typically, these machines are equipped with a brake or stabilizing outriggers.  Industrial cranes that provide motorized motion move loads with a motor instead of manual pulling. With some applications, an industrial pendant is used to enable an operator to actuate lift or trolley travel.

There are many different sizes of industrial cranes. Small site-based cranes are used for designed for on-site applications. Immense tower cranes and deck cranes are designed to move cargo containers, steel and concrete; large tools such as acetylene torches and electrical generators; as well as a wide variety of other building materials.

For custom or special-use cranes, check with the manufacturer for details.

Library Crane Operations/Rigging Videos

Crane and Sling Safety

Overhead and jib boom cranes and slings are found in almost every industry in one form or another.  They are so common and used so often that they almost become invisible - a safety hazard.

Operators forget that any misuse or actual breakdown in equipment can be disastrous. This training program demonstrates proper techniques for safe use of cranes and slings, and daily inspection procedures. 

Crane Safety

Part 1 - Reading a Capacity Chart 15 min.

This video has been carefully prepared to assist operators, supervisors and riggers to understand and properly use a hydraulic crane chart.

For many years crane charts have been misused, misunderstood, or ignored altogether. It has been found that many crane accidents could have been avoided through proper understanding and usage of load charts.

Part 2 - Hydraulic Cranes 20 min.

The purpose of this video is to assist operators, supervisors and riggers in their daily business of lifting loads, using hydraulic cranes. Safety must be the number one priority of everyone involved with crane work.

Topics covered include: regular inspections, careful maintenance, proper machine setup, power line awareness, pre-planning lifts, and safe hoisting practices. Failure to follow approved practices in any of these areas can greatly increase the chances of a costly accident.

Part 3 - Wire Rope and Rigging Safety 20 min.

The object of this video is to assist operators, supervisors and riggers in their daily business of lifting loads using wire rope. The most commonly made errors found throughout a number of jobsites visited are addressed.

This program covers eight topics which were chosen because of their relevance to safe rigging operations. Safety must be the number one priority of every one involved in rigging and crane work.

Part 4 - Crane Accidents 20 min.

The accidents reviewed in this video were chosen because of frequent occurrence. While most accidents appear to be the result of operator error, further investigation often reveals that some responsibility lies with supervision. Safe crane operations require skilful well trained operators but management commitment to safety must be total and well publicized.

Each of these programs is accompanied by an Instructor's manual.

Hand Operated Hoists

A video shows the proper use of chain, gear, differential and ratchet hoists. It also discusses the proper planning, protective equipment, and safety inspections that should be done before starting a job.

High Impact Crane Safety

This very graphic video features 5 re-enactments of accidents involving indoor cranes. These illustrate the importance of our following safe work practices to protect co-workers and company property when using any type of crane.

The program shows when and how crane inspections and pre-operational checkouts are performed, how to determine the weight of a load and load capacity of a crane, and how to inspect and safely use slings.

Other topics covered are: lifting and moving loads safely, use of hand signals when operating cab-controlled cranes, and safe work procedures for crane repair.

Produced By: Canadian Learning Company

Hoists, Winches and Related Devices

The safe use of anchorage points, chain hoists, comealongs, grip action hoists, electric chain hoists electric wire rope hoists, pendant cranes, and base mounted winches, are discussed in this video.

Produced By: Construction Safety Association of Ontario

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NOTE: GANTRY CRANES, BRIDGE CRANES, JIB CRANES AND AUTO CRANES' CRANE OPERATORS SHOULD HAVE EXPERIENCE TO MOVE TO AN OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE. NATIONAL CRANE OVERHEAD CRANES AND CRANE TRUCKS REQUIRED ATTENDANCE AT A CRANE SCHOOL TO PREVENT CRANE ACCIDENT. USED CRANES FOR SALE CAN BE FOUND LOCALLY (SEE ABOVE CITY LIST) FOR THE TEREX CRANE, PORTABLE CRANE, CRANE HOISTS (HOIST CRANE), AND TRUCK CRANE, AS WELL AS OTHER CRANE EQUIPMENT. CAN BE SENT AT DISCOUNT PRICES. YOU CAN BUY NOW OR RENT. EQUIPMENT IS ON SALE WITH A PRICE COST OF LOW DOLLARS AND CENTS. REFUND IS OFTEN IN CASH IF NOT SATISFIED. IF YOU DECIDE TO BUILD YOUR OWN (DIY) YOU CAN OFTEN UTILIZE LEFTOVERS FROM FACTORY SECONDS, SURPLUS , DISCONTINUED MERCHANDISE, GARAGE CLEAN OUTS, WAREHOUSE CLEANOUT, RETAIL CLOSEOUTS, ITEMS FROM FACTORY REJECTS, OUT OF BUSINESS SALES & FACTORY CLEAN OUTS. FINALLY, DON'T OVERLOOK CLOSEOUTS! WHEN BUYING ONLINE, PAYPAL, MASTERCARD, DISCOVER, AMERICAN EXPRESS, AND VISA ARE ALMOST ALWAYS ACCEPTED. RENTALS OF FIRST AND SECOND QUALITY ARE POSSIBLE. SPECIAL PRICES ALWAYS APPEAR AT CLOSEOUT AND DISTRESSED SALES. WE DO NOT BROKER OR BUY THESE ITEMS FOR RESALE. ORDINARILY, THE SALE PRICE IS FINAL FOR USED EQUIPMENT, REPOSSESSIONS, JUNK, INSURANCE SALVAGE OR FREIGHT SALVAGE. DISTRESSED MERCHANDISE CAN BE A GOOD SOURCE OF GENERAL SUPPLY FOR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. AGAIN, BUY NOW, BUY NOW, BUY NOW. THE SALE PRICE MAY NEVER BE LOWER. SAVE $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $.

Indoor Cranes: Safe Lifting Operations

Cranes come in all shapes and sizes, perform a multitude of jobs and help increase productivity and making your job easier. This program will help reduce crane accidents and breakdowns in your workplace

. You will learn about inspections and safe operation of shop-operated power hoist equipment. Most indoor cranes are operated by electricity or compressed air using wire rope or chain to do the lifting.

Once lifted, some loads can be positioned manually while others will be positioned completely by the crane. Some common hoists and cranes are jib cranes, monorails, gantry cranes and bridge cranes.

Produced By: Coastal Training Technologies

International Hand Signals

Signalers are required whenever a crane operator does not have clear view of the machine, load, or landing area; whenever judging distance is difficult; and whenever live electrical apparatus or wires are in the operating area. This program presents and reviews hand signals.

Produced By: Construction Safety Association of Ontario

Making Your Move: The Safe Use of Overhead Cranes

This video program discusses the 10 key points in doing a lift. Topics include: types of cranes, different parts of cranes, checks and controls, rigging, planning the lift, doing the lift as well as samples of lifts.

Produced By: Metal Fabricating Health and Safety Association

Power Operated Hoists

This video discusses the overhead trolley crane, semi-gantry crane, cantilever crane, and the wall crane. The American Standards for Crane Hand Signals are explained and demonstrated. Also emphasized are the safety checks that should be done before the crane is used and the protective equipment that is required.

Produced By: Industrial Training Systems Corporation

Rigging Equipment over the Floor

This video discusses the proper use of the equipment used for moving a load across the floor. Procedures for the raising and lowering of a load with jacks are discussed as are the use of blocks, skids and a forklift.

Produced By: Industrial Training Systems Corporation

Rigging: Wire Rope Slings

This video discusses different types of wire rope slings and their proper use. Safety procedures and required protective equipment are also described.

Produced By: Industrial Training Systems Corporation

Crane and Sling Safety

Overhead and jib boom cranes and slings are found in almost every industry in one form or another.  They are so common and used so often that they almost become invisible - a safety hazard. Operators forget that any misuse or actual breakdown in equipment can be disastrous. This training program demonstrates proper techniques for safe use of cranes and slings, and daily inspection procedures.

Produced By: Summit Training Systems

Crane Safety

Part 1 - Reading a Capacity Chart 15 min.

This video has been carefully prepared to assist operators, supervisors and riggers to understand and properly use a hydraulic crane chart. For many years crane charts have been misused, misunderstood, or ignored altogether. It has been found that many crane accidents could have been avoided through proper understanding and usage of load charts.

Part 2 - Hydraulic Cranes 20 min.

The purpose of this video is to assist operators, supervisors and riggers in their daily business of lifting loads, using hydraulic cranes. Safety must be the number one priority of everyone involved with crane work. Topics covered include: regular inspections, careful maintenance, proper machine setup, power line awareness, pre-planning lifts, and safe hoisting practices. Failure to follow approved practices in any of these areas can greatly increase the chances of a costly accident.

Part 3 - Wire Rope and Rigging Safety 20 min.

The object of this video is to assist operators, supervisors and riggers in their daily business of lifting loads using wire rope. The most commonly made errors found throughout a number of jobsites visited are addressed.

This program covers eight topics which were chosen because of their relevance to safe rigging operations. Safety must be the number one priority of every one involved in rigging and crane work.

Part 4 - Crane Accidents 20 min.

The accidents reviewed in this video were chosen because of frequent occurrence. While most accidents appear to be the result of operator error, further investigation often reveals that some responsibility lies with supervision. Safe crane operations require skilful well trained operators but management commitment to safety must be total and well publicized.

Each of these programs is accompanied by an Instructor's manual.

Produced By: Crane Safety Ltd.

Hand Operated Hoists

This video shows the proper use of chain, gear, differential and ratchet hoists. It also discusses the proper planning, protective equipment, and safety inspections that should be done before starting a job.

Produced By: Marshall Maintenance

High Impact Crane Safety

This very graphic video features 5 re-enactments of accidents involving indoor cranes. These illustrate the importance of our following safe work practices to protect co-workers and company property when using any type of crane. The program shows when and how crane inspections and pre-operational checkouts are performed, how to determine the weight of a load and load capacity of a crane, and how to inspect and safely use slings. Other topics covered are: lifting and moving loads safely, use of hand signals when operating cab-controlled cranes, and safe work procedures for crane repair.

Produced By: Canadian Learning Company

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NOTE: GANTRY CRANES, BRIDGE CRANES, JIB CRANES AND AUTO CRANES' CRANE OPERATORS SHOULD HAVE EXPERIENCE TO MOVE TO AN OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE. NATIONAL CRANE OVERHEAD CRANES AND CRANE TRUCKS REQUIRED ATTENDANCE AT A CRANE SCHOOL TO PREVENT CRANE ACCIDENT. USED CRANES FOR SALE CAN BE FOUND LOCALLY (SEE ABOVE CITY LIST) FOR THE TEREX CRANE, PORTABLE CRANE, CRANE HOISTS (HOIST CRANE), AND TRUCK CRANE, AS WELL AS OTHER CRANE EQUIPMENT. CAN BE SENT AT DISCOUNT PRICES. YOU CAN BUY NOW OR RENT. EQUIPMENT IS ON SALE WITH A PRICE COST OF LOW DOLLARS AND CENTS. REFUND IS OFTEN IN CASH IF NOT SATISFIED. IF YOU DECIDE TO BUILD YOUR OWN (DIY) YOU CAN OFTEN UTILIZE LEFTOVERS FROM FACTORY SECONDS, SURPLUS , DISCONTINUED MERCHANDISE, GARAGE CLEAN OUTS, WAREHOUSE CLEANOUT, RETAIL CLOSEOUTS, ITEMS FROM FACTORY REJECTS, OUT OF BUSINESS SALES & FACTORY CLEAN OUTS. FINALLY, DON'T OVERLOOK CLOSEOUTS! WHEN BUYING ONLINE, PAYPAL, MASTERCARD, DISCOVER, AMERICAN EXPRESS, AND VISA ARE ALMOST ALWAYS ACCEPTED. RENTALS OF FIRST AND SECOND QUALITY ARE POSSIBLE. SPECIAL PRICES ALWAYS APPEAR AT CLOSEOUT AND DISTRESSED SALES. WE DO NOT BROKER OR BUY THESE ITEMS FOR RESALE. ORDINARILY, THE SALE PRICE IS FINAL FOR USED EQUIPMENT, REPOSSESSIONS, JUNK, INSURANCE SALVAGE OR FREIGHT SALVAGE. DISTRESSED MERCHANDISE CAN BE A GOOD SOURCE OF GENERAL SUPPLY FOR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. AGAIN, BUY NOW, BUY NOW, BUY NOW. THE SALE PRICE MAY NEVER BE LOWER. SAVE $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $.

Hoists, Winches and Related Devices

The safe use of anchorage points, chain hoists, come longs, grip action hoists, electric chain hoists electric wire rope hoists, pendant cranes, and base mounted winches, are discussed in this video.

Produced By: Construction Safety Association of Ontario

Indoor Cranes: Safe Lifting Operations

Cranes come in all shapes and sizes, perform a multitude of jobs and help increase productivity and making your job easier. This program will help reduce crane accidents and breakdowns in your workplace.

You will learn about inspections and safe operation of shop-operated power hoist equipment. Most indoor cranes are operated by electricity or compressed air using wire rope or chain to do the lifting. Once lifted, some loads can be positioned manually while others will be positioned completely by the crane. Some common hoists and cranes are jib cranes, monorails, gantry cranes and bridge cranes.

Produced By: Coastal Training Technologies

International Hand Signals

Signalers are required whenever a crane operator does not have clear view of the machine, load, or landing area; whenever judging distance is difficult; and whenever live electrical apparatus or wires are in the operating area. This program presents and reviews hand signals.

Produced By: Construction Safety Association of Ontario

Making Your Move: The Safe Use of Overhead Cranes

This video program discusses the 10 key points in doing a lift. Topics include: types of cranes, different parts of cranes, checks and controls, rigging, planning the lift, doing the lift as well as samples of lifts.

Produced By: Metal Fabricating Health and Safety Association

Power Operated Hoists

This video discusses the overhead trolley crane, semi-gantry crane, cantilever crane, and the wall crane. The American Standards for Crane Hand Signals are explained and demonstrated. Also emphasized are the safety checks that should be done before the crane is used and the protective equipment that is required.

Produced By: Industrial Training Systems Corporation

Rigging Equipment over the Floor

This video discusses the proper use of the equipment used for moving a load across the floor. Procedures for the raising and lowering of a load with jacks are discussed as are the use of blocks, skids and a forklift.

Produced By: Industrial Training Systems Corporation

Rigging: Wire Rope Slings

This video discusses different types of wire rope slings and their proper use. Safety procedures and required protective equipment are also described.

Produced By: Industrial Training Systems Corporation

Crane and Sling Safety

Overhead and jib boom cranes and slings are found in almost every industry in one form or another.  They are so common and used so often that they almost become invisible - a safety hazard. Operators forget that any misuse or actual breakdown in equipment can be disastrous. This training program demonstrates proper techniques for safe use of cranes and slings, and daily inspection procedures.

Produced By: Summit Training Systems

Crane Safety

Part 1 - Reading a Capacity Chart 15 min.

This video has been carefully prepared to assist operators, supervisors and riggers to understand and properly use a hydraulic crane chart. For many years crane charts have been misused, misunderstood, or ignored altogether. It has been found that many crane accidents could have been avoided through proper understanding and usage of load charts.

Part 2 - Hydraulic Cranes 20 min.

The purpose of this video is to assist operators, supervisors and riggers in their daily business of lifting loads, using hydraulic cranes. Safety must be the number one priority of everyone involved with crane work.

Topics covered include: regular inspections, careful maintenance, proper machine setup, power line awareness, pre-planning lifts, and safe hoisting practices. Failure to follow approved practices in any of these areas can greatly increase the chances of a costly accident.

Part 3 - Wire Rope and Rigging Safety 20 min.

The object of this video is to assist operators, supervisors and riggers in their daily business of lifting loads using wire rope. The most commonly made errors found throughout a number of jobsites visited are addressed. This program covers eight topics which were chosen because of their relevance to safe rigging operations. Safety must be the number one priority of every one involved in rigging and crane work.

Part 4 - Crane Accidents 20 min.

The accidents reviewed in this video were chosen because of frequent occurrence. While most accidents appear to be the result of operator error, further investigation often reveals that some responsibility lies with supervision. Safe crane operations require skilful well trained operators but management commitment to safety must be total and well publicized.

Each of these programs is accompanied by an Instructor's manual.

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NOTE: GANTRY CRANES, BRIDGE CRANES, JIB CRANES AND AUTO CRANES' CRANE OPERATORS SHOULD HAVE EXPERIENCE TO MOVE TO AN OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE. NATIONAL CRANE OVERHEAD CRANES AND CRANE TRUCKS REQUIRED ATTENDANCE AT A CRANE SCHOOL TO PREVENT CRANE ACCIDENT. USED CRANES FOR SALE CAN BE FOUND LOCALLY (SEE ABOVE CITY LIST) FOR THE TEREX CRANE, PORTABLE CRANE, CRANE HOISTS (HOIST CRANE), AND TRUCK CRANE, AS WELL AS OTHER CRANE EQUIPMENT. CAN BE SENT AT DISCOUNT PRICES. YOU CAN BUY NOW OR RENT. EQUIPMENT IS ON SALE WITH A PRICE COST OF LOW DOLLARS AND CENTS. REFUND IS OFTEN IN CASH IF NOT SATISFIED. IF YOU DECIDE TO BUILD YOUR OWN (DIY) YOU CAN OFTEN UTILIZE LEFTOVERS FROM FACTORY SECONDS, SURPLUS , DISCONTINUED MERCHANDISE, GARAGE CLEAN OUTS, WAREHOUSE CLEANOUT, RETAIL CLOSEOUTS, ITEMS FROM FACTORY REJECTS, OUT OF BUSINESS SALES & FACTORY CLEAN OUTS. FINALLY, DON'T OVERLOOK CLOSEOUTS! WHEN BUYING ONLINE, PAYPAL, MASTERCARD, DISCOVER, AMERICAN EXPRESS, AND VISA ARE ALMOST ALWAYS ACCEPTED. RENTALS OF FIRST AND SECOND QUALITY ARE POSSIBLE. SPECIAL PRICES ALWAYS APPEAR AT CLOSEOUT AND DISTRESSED SALES. WE DO NOT BROKER OR BUY THESE ITEMS FOR RESALE. ORDINARILY, THE SALE PRICE IS FINAL FOR USED EQUIPMENT, REPOSSESSIONS, JUNK, INSURANCE SALVAGE OR FREIGHT SALVAGE. DISTRESSED MERCHANDISE CAN BE A GOOD SOURCE OF GENERAL SUPPLY FOR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. AGAIN, BUY NOW, BUY NOW, BUY NOW. THE SALE PRICE MAY NEVER BE LOWER. SAVE $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $.

Produced By: Crane Safety Ltd.

Hand Operated Hoists

This video shows the proper use of chain, gear, differential and ratchet hoists. It also discusses the proper planning, protective equipment, and safety inspections that should be done before starting a job.

Produced By: Marshall Maintenance

High Impact Crane Safety

This very graphic video features 5 re-enactments of accidents involving indoor cranes. These illustrate the importance of our following safe work practices to protect co-workers and company property when using any type of crane. The program shows when and how crane inspections and pre-operational checkouts are performed, how to determine the weight of a load and load capacity of a crane, and how to inspect and safely use slings. Other topics covered are: lifting and moving loads safely, use of hand signals when operating cab-controlled cranes, and safe work procedures for crane repair.

Produced By: Canadian Learning Company

Hoists, Winches and Related Devices

The safe use of anchorage points, chain hoists, come longs, grip action hoists, electric chain hoists electric wire rope hoists, pendant cranes, and base mounted winches, are discussed in this video.

Produced By: Construction Safety Association of Ontario

Indoor Cranes: Safe Lifting Operations

Cranes come in all shapes and sizes, perform a multitude of jobs and help increase productivity and making your job easier. This program will help reduce crane accidents and breakdowns in your workplace.

You will learn about inspections and safe operation of shop-operated power hoist equipment. Most indoor cranes are operated by electricity or compressed air using wire rope or chain to do the lifting. Once lifted, some loads can be positioned manually while others will be positioned completely by the crane. Some common hoists and cranes are jib cranes, monorails, gantry cranes and bridge cranes.

Produced By: Coastal Training Technologies

International Hand Signals

Signalers are required whenever a crane operator does not have clear view of the machine, load, or landing area; whenever judging distance is difficult; and whenever live electrical apparatus or wires are in the operating area. This program presents and reviews hand signals.

Produced By: Construction Safety Association of Ontario

Making Your Move: The Safe Use of Overhead Cranes

This video program discusses the 10 key points in doing a lift. Topics include: types of cranes, different parts of cranes, checks and controls, rigging, planning the lift, doing the lift as well as samples of lifts.

Produced By: Metal Fabricating Health and Safety Association

Power Operated Hoists

This video discusses the overhead trolley crane, semi-gantry crane, cantilever crane, and the wall crane. The American Standards for Crane Hand Signals are explained and demonstrated. Also emphasized are the safety checks that should be done before the crane is used and the protective equipment that is required.

Produced By: Industrial Training Systems Corporation

Rigging Equipment over the Floor

This video discusses the proper use of the equipment used for moving a load across the floor. Procedures for the raising and lowering of a load with jacks are discussed as are the use of blocks, skids and a forklift.

Produced By: Industrial Training Systems Corporation

Rigging: Wire Rope Slings

This video discusses different types of wire rope slings and their proper use. Safety procedures and required protective equipment are also described.

Produced By: Industrial Training Systems Corporation

Crane

A crane isny of a diverse group of machines that lift and move heavy objects. Cranes differ from hoists, elevators, and other devices intended for vertical lifting, and from conveyors, which continuously lift or carry bulk materials such as grain or coal.

Cranes have been widely used only since the introduction of steam engines, internal-combustion engines, and electric motors in the 19th century. They range in type and function from the largest derrick cranes to small, mobile truck cranes. Most derrick cranes can lift 5 – 250 tons (4.5 – 230 metric tons).

Floating cranes, built on barges for constructing bridges or salvaging sunken objects, may be able to lift 3,000 tons (2,700 metric-tons). Small truck cranes are mounted on heavy, modified trucks; they make up in mobility and ease of transport what they lack in hoisting capacity.

A crane is a mechanical lifting device equipped with hoists, wire ropes and sheaves that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally.

Cranes are commonly employed in the construction industry and in manufacturing heavy equipment. Construction cranes have either telescoping, lattice or articulating booms. Telescoping boom cranes would include the Industrial, Rough Terrain, Truck Mounted, All Terrain and City Cranes.

Lattice boom cranes would include the Crawler Mounted, Truck Mounted, Ringer Mounted and Hammerhead and Luffing Boom tower cranes. Articulating boom cranes are mounted on commercial trucks and can have telescoping boom sections and hoists. Railroad Track and Floating Cranes can be either telescoping, lattice or articulating boom. Manufacturing cranes would include the Mono-Rails, Bridge, Polar, Gantry and Stacker Cranes.

History of cranes

Ancient Greek cranes

The crane for lifting heavy loads was invented by the ancient Greeks in the late 6th century BC. The archaeological record shows that no later than c.515 BC distinctive cuttings for both lifting tongs and lewis irons begin to appear on stone blocks of Greek temples.

Since these holes point at the use of a lifting device, and since they are to be found either above the centre of gravity of the block, or in pairs equidistant from a point over the centre of gravity, they are regarded by archaeologists as the positive evidence required for the existence of the crane.

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NOTE: GANTRY CRANES, BRIDGE CRANES, JIB CRANES AND AUTO CRANES' CRANE OPERATORS SHOULD HAVE EXPERIENCE TO MOVE TO AN OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE. NATIONAL CRANE OVERHEAD CRANES AND CRANE TRUCKS REQUIRED ATTENDANCE AT A CRANE SCHOOL TO PREVENT CRANE ACCIDENT. USED CRANES FOR SALE CAN BE FOUND LOCALLY (SEE ABOVE CITY LIST) FOR THE TEREX CRANE, PORTABLE CRANE, CRANE HOISTS (HOIST CRANE), AND TRUCK CRANE, AS WELL AS OTHER CRANE EQUIPMENT. CAN BE SENT AT DISCOUNT PRICES. YOU CAN BUY NOW OR RENT. EQUIPMENT IS ON SALE WITH A PRICE COST OF LOW DOLLARS AND CENTS. REFUND IS OFTEN IN CASH IF NOT SATISFIED. IF YOU DECIDE TO BUILD YOUR OWN (DIY) YOU CAN OFTEN UTILIZE LEFTOVERS FROM FACTORY SECONDS, SURPLUS , DISCONTINUED MERCHANDISE, GARAGE CLEAN OUTS, WAREHOUSE CLEANOUT, RETAIL CLOSEOUTS, ITEMS FROM FACTORY REJECTS, OUT OF BUSINESS SALES & FACTORY CLEAN OUTS. FINALLY, DON'T OVERLOOK CLOSEOUTS! WHEN BUYING ONLINE, PAYPAL, MASTERCARD, DISCOVER, AMERICAN EXPRESS, AND VISA ARE ALMOST ALWAYS ACCEPTED. RENTALS OF FIRST AND SECOND QUALITY ARE POSSIBLE. SPECIAL PRICES ALWAYS APPEAR AT CLOSEOUT AND DISTRESSED SALES. WE DO NOT BROKER OR BUY THESE ITEMS FOR RESALE. ORDINARILY, THE SALE PRICE IS FINAL FOR USED EQUIPMENT, REPOSSESSIONS, JUNK, INSURANCE SALVAGE OR FREIGHT SALVAGE. DISTRESSED MERCHANDISE CAN BE A GOOD SOURCE OF GENERAL SUPPLY FOR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. AGAIN, BUY NOW, BUY NOW, BUY NOW. THE SALE PRICE MAY NEVER BE LOWER. SAVE $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $.

The introduction of the winch and pulley hoist soon leads to a widespread replacement of ramps as the main means of vertical motion. For the next two hundred years, Greek building sites witnessed a sharp drop in the weights handled, as the new lifting technique made the use of several smaller stones more practical than of fewer larger ones.

In contrast to the archaic period with its tendency to ever-increasing block sizes, Greek temples of the classical age like the Parthenon invariably featured stone blocks weighting less than 15-20 tons. Also, the practice of erecting large monolithic columns was practically abandoned in favor of using several column drums.

Although the exact circumstances of the shift from the ramp to the crane technology remain unclear, it has been argued that the volatile social and political conditions of Greece were more suitable to the employment of small, professional construction teams than of large bodies of unskilled labor, making the crane more preferable to the Greek polis than the more labor-intensive ramp which had been the norm in the autocratic societies of Egypt or Assyria. .

The first unequivocal literary evidence for the existence of the compound pulley system appears in the Mechanical Problems (Mech. 18, 853a32-853b13) attributed to Aristotle (384-322 BC), but perhaps composed at a slightly later date.

Around the same time, block sizes at Greek temples began to match their archaic predecessors again, indicating that the more sophisticated compound pulley must have found its way to Greek construction sites by then.

Ancient Roman cranes

Enlarge

Reconstruction of a 10.4m high Roman Polyspastos at Bonn, Germany.

The heyday of crane in ancient times came under the Roman Empire, when construction activity soared and buildings reached enormous dimensions. The Romans adopted the Greek crane and developed it further.

We are relatively well informed about their lifting techniques thanks to rather lengthy accounts by the engineers Vitruvius (De Architectura 10.2, 1-10) and Heron of Alexandria (Mechanica 3.2-5). There are also two surviving reliefs of Roman tread wheel cranes offering pictorial evidence, with the Haterii tombstone from the late first century AD being particularly detailed.

The simplest Roman crane, the Trispastos, consisted of a single-beam jib, a winch, a rope, and a block containing three pulleys. Having thus a mechanical advantage of 3:1, it has been calculated that a single man working the winch could raise 150 kg (3 pulleys x 50 kg = 150), assuming that 50 kg represent the maximum effort a man can exert over a longer time period.

Heavier crane types featured five pulleys (Pentaspastos) or, in case of the largest one, a set of three by five pulleys (Polyspastos) and came with two, three or four masts, depending on the maximum load. The Polyspastos, when worked by four men at both sides of the winch, could already lift 3000 kg (3 ropes x 5 pulleys x 4 men x 50 kg = 3000 kg). In case the winch was replaced by a tread wheel, the maximum load even doubled to 6000 kg at only half the crew, since the tread wheel possesses a much bigger mechanical advantage due to its larger diameter.

This meant that, in comparison to the construction of the Egyptian Pyramids, where about 50 men were needed to move a 2.5 ton stone block up the ramp (50 kg per person), the lifting capability of the Roman Polyspastos proved to be 60 times higher (3000 kg per person).

However, numerous extant Roman buildings which feature much heavier stone blocks than those handled by the Polyspastos indicate that the overall lifting capability of the Romans went far beyond that of any single crane.

At the temple of Jupiter at Baalbek, for incidence, the architraves blocks weigh up to 60 tons each, and the corner cornices blocks even over 100 tons, all of them raised to a height of ca. 19 m above the ground. [3] In Rome, the capital block of Trajan's Column weighs 53.3 tons which had to be lifted at a height of ca. 34 m.

It is assumed that Roman engineers accomplished lifting these extraordinary weights by two measures: First, as suggested by Heron, a lifting tower was set up, whose four masts were arranged in the shape of a quadrangle with parallel sides, not unlike a siege tower, but with the column in the middle of the structure (Mechanica 3.5).

] Second, a multitude of capstans were placed on the ground around the tower, for, although having a lower leverage ratio than tread wheels, capstans could be set up in higher numbers and run by more men (and, moreover, by draught animals).

This use of multiple capstans is also described by Ammianus Marcellinus (17.4.15) in connection with the lifting of the Lateranense obelisk in the Circus Maximus (ca. 357 AD). The maximum lifting capability of a single capstan can be established by the number of lewis iron holes bored into the monolith. In case of the Baalbek architrave blocks, which weigh between 55 and 60 tons, eight extant holes suggest an allowance of 7.5 ton per lewis iron that is per capstan.

 Lifting such heavy weights in a concerted action required a great amount of coordination between the work groups applying the force to the capstans.

Medieval cranes

During the High Middle Ages the tread wheel crane was reintroduced on a large scale after the technology had fallen into disuse in Western Europe with the demise of the Western Roman Empire.

The earliest reference to a tread wheel (magna rota) reappears in archival literature in France about 1225,[10] followed by an illuminated depiction in a manuscript of probably also French origin dating to 1240.

 In navigation, the earliest uses of harbor cranes are documented for Utrecht in 1244, Antwerp in 1263, Brugge in 1288 and Hamburg in 1291,[11] while in England the tread wheel is not recorded before 1331.[12]

Generally, vertical transport was done safer and cheaper by cranes than by customary methods. Typical areas of application were harbors, mines, and, in particular, building sites where the tread wheel crane played a pivotal role in the construction of the lofty Gothic cathedrals.

Nevertheless, both archival and pictorial sources of the time suggest that newly introduced machines like tread wheels or wheelbarrows did not completely replace more labor-intensive methods like ladders, hods and handbarrows. Rather, old and new machinery continued to coexist on medieval construction sites and harbors.

Apart from tread wheels, medieval depictions also show cranes to be powered manually by windlasses with radiating spokes, cranks and by the 15th century also by windlasses shaped like a ship's wheel. To smooth out irregularities of impulse and get over 'dead-spots' in the lifting process flywheels are known to be in use as early as 1123.

Origins

The exact process by which the tread wheel crane was reintroduced is not recordedalthough its return to construction sites has undoubtedly to be viewed in close connection with the simultaneous rise of Gothic architecture. The reappearance of the tread wheel crane may have resulted from a technological development of the windlass from which the tread wheel structurally and mechanically evolved.

Alternatively, the medieval tread wheel may represent a deliberate reinvention of its Roman counterpart drawn from Vitruvius' De architectura which was available in many monastic libraries. Its reintroduction may have been inspired, as well, by the observation of the labor-saving qualities of the waterwheel with which early tread wheels shared many structural similarities.

Structure and placement

The medieval tread wheel was a large wooden wheel turning around a central shaft with a tread way wide enough for two workers walking side by side. While the earlier 'compass-arm' wheel had spokes directly driven into the central shaft, the more advanced 'clasp-arm' type featured arms arranged as chords to the wheel rim, giving the possibility of using a thinner shaft and providing thus a greater mechanical advantage.

Contrary to a popularly held belief, cranes on medieval building sites were neither placed on the extremely lightweight scaffolding used at the time nor on the thin walls of the Gothic churches which were incapable of supporting the weight of both hoisting machine and load.

Rather, cranes were placed in the initial stages of construction on the ground, often within the building. When a new floor was completed, and massive tie beams of the roof connected the walls, the crane was dismantled and reassembled on the roof beams from where it was moved from bay to bay during construction of the vaults.

] Thus, the crane ‘grew’ and ‘wandered’ with the building with the result that today all extant construction cranes in England are found in church towers above the vaulting and below the roof, where they remained after building construction for bringing material for repairs aloft.[18] Less frequently, medieval illuminations also show cranes mounted on the outside of walls with the stand of the machine secured to putlogs.

Mechanics and operation

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NOTE: GANTRY CRANES, BRIDGE CRANES, JIB CRANES AND AUTO CRANES' CRANE OPERATORS SHOULD HAVE EXPERIENCE TO MOVE TO AN OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE. NATIONAL CRANE OVERHEAD CRANES AND CRANE TRUCKS REQUIRED ATTENDANCE AT A CRANE SCHOOL TO PREVENT CRANE ACCIDENT. USED CRANES FOR SALE CAN BE FOUND LOCALLY (SEE ABOVE CITY LIST) FOR THE TEREX CRANE, PORTABLE CRANE, CRANE HOISTS (HOIST CRANE), AND TRUCK CRANE, AS WELL AS OTHER CRANE EQUIPMENT. CAN BE SENT AT DISCOUNT PRICES. YOU CAN BUY NOW OR RENT. EQUIPMENT IS ON SALE WITH A PRICE COST OF LOW DOLLARS AND CENTS. REFUND IS OFTEN IN CASH IF NOT SATISFIED. IF YOU DECIDE TO BUILD YOUR OWN (DIY) YOU CAN OFTEN UTILIZE LEFTOVERS FROM FACTORY SECONDS, SURPLUS , DISCONTINUED MERCHANDISE, GARAGE CLEAN OUTS, WAREHOUSE CLEANOUT, RETAIL CLOSEOUTS, ITEMS FROM FACTORY REJECTS, OUT OF BUSINESS SALES & FACTORY CLEAN OUTS. FINALLY, DON'T OVERLOOK CLOSEOUTS! WHEN BUYING ONLINE, PAYPAL, MASTERCARD, DISCOVER, AMERICAN EXPRESS, AND VISA ARE ALMOST ALWAYS ACCEPTED. RENTALS OF FIRST AND SECOND QUALITY ARE POSSIBLE. SPECIAL PRICES ALWAYS APPEAR AT CLOSEOUT AND DISTRESSED SALES. WE DO NOT BROKER OR BUY THESE ITEMS FOR RESALE. ORDINARILY, THE SALE PRICE IS FINAL FOR USED EQUIPMENT, REPOSSESSIONS, JUNK, INSURANCE SALVAGE OR FREIGHT SALVAGE. DISTRESSED MERCHANDISE CAN BE A GOOD SOURCE OF GENERAL SUPPLY FOR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. AGAIN, BUY NOW, BUY NOW, BUY NOW. THE SALE PRICE MAY NEVER BE LOWER. SAVE $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $.

In contrast to modern cranes, medieval cranes and hoists - much like their counterparts in Greece and Rome - were primarily capable of a vertical lift, and not used to move loads for a considerable distance horizontally as well. .

 Accordingly, lifting work was organized at the workplace in a different way than today. In building construction, for example, it is assumed that either the crane lifted the stone blocks from the bottom directly into place, or from a place opposite the centre of the wall from where it could deliver the blocks for two teams working at each end of the wall.

 Additionally, the crane master who usually gave orders at the tread wheel workers from outside the crane was able to manipulate the movement laterally by a small rope attached to the load.

Slewing cranes which allowed a rotation of the load and were thus particularly suited for dockside work appeared as early as 1340.[22] While ashlar blocks were directly lifted by sling, Lewis or devil's clamp (German Teufelskralle), other objects were placed before in containers like pallets, baskets, wooden boxes or barrels.

It is noteworthy that medieval cranes rarely featured ratchets or brakes to forestall the load from running backward. This curious absence is explained by the high friction force exercised by medieval tread wheels which normally prevented the wheel from accelerating beyond control.

Harbor cranes

According to the “present state of knowledge” unknown in antiquity, stationary harbor cranes are considered a new development of the middle Ages. The typical harbor crane was a pivoting structure equipped with double tread wheels. These cranes were placed docksides for the loading and unloading of cargo where they replaced or complemented older lifting methods like see-saws, winches and yards.

 Two different types of harbor cranes can be identified with a varying geographical distribution: While gantry cranes which pivoted on a central vertical axle were commonly found at the Flemish and Dutch coast side, German sea and inland harbors typically featured tower cranes where the windlass and tread wheels were situated in a solid tower with only jib arm and roof rotating.

 Interestingly, dockside cranes were not adopted in the Mediterranean region and the highly developed Italian ports where authorities continued to rely on the more labor-intensive method of unloading goods by ramps beyond the Middle Ages.

Unlike construction cranes where the work speed was determined by the relatively slow progress of the masons, harbor cranes usually featured double tread wheels to speed up loading. The two tread wheels whose diameter is estimated to be 4 m or larger were attached to each side of the axle and rotated together.

Today, according to one survey, fifteen tread wheel harbor cranes from pre-industrial times are still extant throughout Europe. Beside these stationary cranes, floating cranes which could be flexibly deployed in the whole port basin came into use by the 14th century. .

Crane operator training and certification

USA

The National Association of Heavy Equipment Training Schools and CCO are the primary educational certification bodies for the crane industry in the USA.

Types of cranes

Railroad cranes

A railroad crane is a crane that is mounted on a railroad car or on a flatcar.

Mobile crane

The most basic type of crane consists of a steel truss or telescopic boom mounted on a mobile platform, which may be rail, wheeled (including "truck" carriers) or caterpillar tracks. The boom is hinged at the bottom, and can be raised and lowered by cables or by hydraulic cylinders. A hook is suspended from the top of the boom by wire rope and sheaves.

The wire ropes are operated by whatever prime movers the designers have available, operating through a variety of transmissions. Steam engines, electric motors and internal combustion engines (IC) have all been used. Older cranes' transmissions tended to be clutches.

This was later modified when using IC engines to match the steam engines "max torque at zero speed" characteristic by the addition of a hydrokinetic element culminating in controlled torque converters. The operational advantages of this arrangement can now be achieved by electronic control of hydrostatic drives, which for size and other considerations is becoming standard.

Some examples of this type of crane can be converted to a demolition crane by adding a demolition ball or to an earthmover by adding a clamshell bucket or a dragline and scoop, although design details can limit their effectiveness.

According to the “present state of knowledge” unknown in antiquity, stationary harbor cranes are considered a new development of the middle Ages.

 The typical harbor crane was a pivoting structure equipped with double tread wheels. These cranes were placed docksides for the loading and unloading of cargo where they replaced or complemented older lifting methods like see-saws, winches and yards.

Two different types of harbor cranes can be identified with a varying geographical distribution: While gantry cranes which pivoted on a central vertical axle were commonly found at the Flemish and Dutch coast side, German sea and inland harbors typically featured tower cranes where the windlass and tread wheels were situated in a solid tower with only jib arm and roof rotating.

 Interestingly, dockside cranes were not adopted in the Mediterranean region and the highly developed Italian ports where authorities continued to rely on the more labor-intensive method of unloading goods by ramps beyond the Middle Ages.[26]

Unlike construction cranes where the work speed was determined by the relatively slow progress of the masons, harbor cranes usually featured double tread wheels to speed up loading. The two tread wheels whose diameter is estimated to be 4 m or larger were attached to each side of the axle and rotated together.

 Today, according to one survey, fifteen tread wheel harbor cranes from pre-industrial times are still extant throughout Europe.

Beside these stationary cranes, floating cranes which could be flexibly deployed in the whole port basin came into use by the 14th century.

Crane operator training and certification

USA

The National Association of Heavy Equipment Training Schools and CCO are the primary educational certification bodies for the crane industry in the USA.

Types of cranes

Railroad cranes

A railroad crane is a crane that is mounted on a railroad car or on a flatcar.

Mobile crane

The most basic type of crane consists of a steel truss or telescopic boom mounted on a mobile platform, which may be rail, wheeled (including "truck" carriers) or caterpillar tracks. The boom is hinged at the bottom, and can be raised and lowered by cables or by hydraulic cylinders.

A hook is suspended from the top of the boom by wire rope and sheaves. The wire ropes are operated by whatever prime movers the designers have available, operating through a variety of transmissions.

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NOTE: GANTRY CRANES, BRIDGE CRANES, JIB CRANES AND AUTO CRANES' CRANE OPERATORS SHOULD HAVE EXPERIENCE TO MOVE TO AN OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE. NATIONAL CRANE OVERHEAD CRANES AND CRANE TRUCKS REQUIRED ATTENDANCE AT A CRANE SCHOOL TO PREVENT CRANE ACCIDENT. USED CRANES FOR SALE CAN BE FOUND LOCALLY (SEE ABOVE CITY LIST) FOR THE TEREX CRANE, PORTABLE CRANE, CRANE HOISTS (HOIST CRANE), AND TRUCK CRANE, AS WELL AS OTHER CRANE EQUIPMENT. CAN BE SENT AT DISCOUNT PRICES. YOU CAN BUY NOW OR RENT. EQUIPMENT IS ON SALE WITH A PRICE COST OF LOW DOLLARS AND CENTS. REFUND IS OFTEN IN CASH IF NOT SATISFIED. IF YOU DECIDE TO BUILD YOUR OWN (DIY) YOU CAN OFTEN UTILIZE LEFTOVERS FROM FACTORY SECONDS, SURPLUS , DISCONTINUED MERCHANDISE, GARAGE CLEAN OUTS, WAREHOUSE CLEANOUT, RETAIL CLOSEOUTS, ITEMS FROM FACTORY REJECTS, OUT OF BUSINESS SALES & FACTORY CLEAN OUTS. FINALLY, DON'T OVERLOOK CLOSEOUTS! WHEN BUYING ONLINE, PAYPAL, MASTERCARD, DISCOVER, AMERICAN EXPRESS, AND VISA ARE ALMOST ALWAYS ACCEPTED. RENTALS OF FIRST AND SECOND QUALITY ARE POSSIBLE. SPECIAL PRICES ALWAYS APPEAR AT CLOSEOUT AND DISTRESSED SALES. WE DO NOT BROKER OR BUY THESE ITEMS FOR RESALE. ORDINARILY, THE SALE PRICE IS FINAL FOR USED EQUIPMENT, REPOSSESSIONS, JUNK, INSURANCE SALVAGE OR FREIGHT SALVAGE. DISTRESSED MERCHANDISE CAN BE A GOOD SOURCE OF GENERAL SUPPLY FOR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. AGAIN, BUY NOW, BUY NOW, BUY NOW. THE SALE PRICE MAY NEVER BE LOWER. SAVE $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $.

Steam engines, electric motors and internal combustion engines (IC) have all been used. Older cranes' transmissions tended to be clutches. This was later modified when using IC engines to match the steam engines "max torque at zero speed" characteristic by the addition of a hydrokinetic element culminating in controlled torque converters. The operational advantages of this arrangement can now be achieved by electronic control of hydrostatic drives, which for size and other considerations is becoming standard.

Some examples of this type of crane can be converted to a demolition crane by adding a demolition ball or to an earthmover by adding a clamshell bucket or a dragline and scoop, although design details can limit their effectiveness.

Tower crane

The tower crane is a modern form of balance crane. Fixed to the ground, tower cranes often give the best combination of height and lifting capacity and are used in the construction of tall buildings.

(more on crane accident safety at OSHA)

To save space and to provide stability the vertical part of the crane is often braced onto the completed structure which is normally the concrete lift shaft in the center of the building. A horizontal boom is balanced asymmetrically across the top of the tower.

Its short arm carries a counterweight of concrete blocks, and its long arm carries the lifting gear. The crane operator either sits in a cabin at the top of the tower or controls the crane by radio remote control from the ground, usually standing near the load. In the first case the operator's cabin is located at the top of the tower just below the horizontal boom.

The boom is mounted on a slewing bearing and is rotated by means of a slewing motor. The lifting hook is operated by a system of sheaves.

A tower crane is usually assembled by a telescopic crane of smaller lifting capacity but greater height and in the case of tower cranes that have risen while constructing very tall skyscrapers, a smaller crane will sometimes be lifted to the roof of the completed tower to dismantle the tower crane afterward.

A self-assembling tower crane has been demonstrated, which lifts itself off the ground using jacks, allowing the next section of the tower to be inserted at ground level.

Truck-mounted crane

A crane mounted on truck carrier which provides the mobility for the crane. Outriggers that extend horizontally and vertically are used to level and stabilize the crane for hoisting.

Almost invariably called a "Hiab" by its operators, this is a hydraulically-powered articulated arm fitted to a trailer, used to move goods onto or off of the trailer. Unlike most cranes the operator must move around to be able to view his load; hence he will have a portable cabled or radio linked control system.

The numerous jointed sections can be folded into a small space when the crane is not in use. One or more of the sections may be telescopic. Often the crane will have a degree of automation and be able to unload or stow itself without an operator's instruction.

Rolloader crane

This is a loader crane mounted on a chassis with wheels. This chassis can ride on the trailer. Because the crane can move on the trailer, it can be a light crane, so the trailer is allowed to transport more goods.

Rough terrain crane

A crane mounted on an undercarriage with four rubber tires that is designed for pick-and-carry operations and for off-road and "rough terrain" applications. Outriggers that extend horizontally and vertically are used to level and stabilize the crane for hoisting.

These telescopic cranes are single-engine machines where the same engine is used for powering the undercarriage as is used for powering the crane, similar to a crawler crane. However, in a rough terrain crane, the engine is usually mounted in the undercarriage rather than in the upper, like the crawler crane.

Crawler crane

A crawler is a crane mounted on an undercarriage with a set of tracks that provide for the stability and mobility of the crane. Crawler cranes have both advantages and disadvantages depending on their intended use.

The main advantage of a crawler is that they can move on site and perform lifts with very little set-up, as the crane is stable on its tracks with no outriggers. In addition, a crawler crane is capable of moving with a load.

The main disadvantage of a crawler crane is that they are very heavy, and cannot easily be moved from one job site to the next without significant expense. Typically, a large crawler must be disassembled or moved by barge in order to be transported.

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NOTE: GANTRY CRANES, BRIDGE CRANES, JIB CRANES AND AUTO CRANES' CRANE OPERATORS SHOULD HAVE EXPERIENCE TO MOVE TO AN OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE. NATIONAL CRANE OVERHEAD CRANES AND CRANE TRUCKS REQUIRED ATTENDANCE AT A CRANE SCHOOL TO PREVENT CRANE ACCIDENT. USED CRANES FOR SALE CAN BE FOUND LOCALLY (SEE ABOVE CITY LIST) FOR THE TEREX CRANE, PORTABLE CRANE, CRANE HOISTS (HOIST CRANE), AND TRUCK CRANE, AS WELL AS OTHER CRANE EQUIPMENT. CAN BE SENT AT DISCOUNT PRICES. YOU CAN BUY NOW OR RENT. EQUIPMENT IS ON SALE WITH A PRICE COST OF LOW DOLLARS AND CENTS. REFUND IS OFTEN IN CASH IF NOT SATISFIED. IF YOU DECIDE TO BUILD YOUR OWN (DIY) YOU CAN OFTEN UTILIZE LEFTOVERS FROM FACTORY SECONDS, SURPLUS , DISCONTINUED MERCHANDISE, GARAGE CLEAN OUTS, WAREHOUSE CLEANOUT, RETAIL CLOSEOUTS, ITEMS FROM FACTORY REJECTS, OUT OF BUSINESS SALES & FACTORY CLEAN OUTS. FINALLY, DON'T OVERLOOK CLOSEOUTS! WHEN BUYING ONLINE, PAYPAL, MASTERCARD, DISCOVER, AMERICAN EXPRESS, AND VISA ARE ALMOST ALWAYS ACCEPTED. RENTALS OF FIRST AND SECOND QUALITY ARE POSSIBLE. SPECIAL PRICES ALWAYS APPEAR AT CLOSEOUT AND DISTRESSED SALES. WE DO NOT BROKER OR BUY THESE ITEMS FOR RESALE. ORDINARILY, THE SALE PRICE IS FINAL FOR USED EQUIPMENT, REPOSSESSIONS, JUNK, INSURANCE SALVAGE OR FREIGHT SALVAGE. DISTRESSED MERCHANDISE CAN BE A GOOD SOURCE OF GENERAL SUPPLY FOR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. AGAIN, BUY NOW, BUY NOW, BUY NOW. THE SALE PRICE MAY NEVER BE LOWER. SAVE $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $.

gantry cranes, bridge cranes, jib cranes and auto cranes’ crane operators should have experience to move to an overhead bridge crane. National crane overhead cranes and crane trucks required attendance at a crane school to prevent crane accident. Used cranes for sale can be found locally (see above city list) for the terex crane, portable crane, crane hoists (hoist crane), and truck crane, as well as other crane equipment.

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bucyrus cam camera cams cams candy cards christmas cobra collapse com comp companies company construction crain crane cranes cranky crawler creek crowned darla david decemberists denny electric equipment estate faucet faucets fireball flies fly fold for foundation frasier game gantry genie grove hart hedd high hill hoist hoists how humidifier humidifiers hydraulic icabod ichabod ignition in indiana international james japanese jib jlg john jon. ken kobelco lake library liebherr $100.00lift lifting lifts lyrics machine machines make manitowoc maxim migration mobile museo music darla darla dalla dar1a daral dalra drala adrla david .david dav1d davdi daivd dvaid advid decemberists decenber1sts decenberists decemberisst decemberitss decembersits decembeirsts decembreists decemebrists decebmerists decmeberists deecmberists dceemberists edcemberists decemberist decemberiss decemberits decembersts decembeists decembrists decemerists deceberists decmberists deemberists dcemberists ecemberists 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Repossessions, Junk, Insurance Salvage, Disposable Merchandise, Industrial Surplus, Medical Surplus, Storage Rental Bins, Storage Trailers, used Equipment, Used Freight Vans, Building Materials, Factory Seconds, Discontinued Merchandise, Garage Clean Outs, Factory Clean Outs, Shipping Containers, Out of Business Sales, Merchandise Returns, Retail closeouts, storage buildings, donations, Garage Cleanouts, Sale Leftovers, Used Office Furniture and Equipment. $100.00Factory rejects, Antiques, Collectibles, Material Handling Equipment, Tools, Distressed Merchandise, Insurance Claims, Insured Settlements, Refunds merchandise.gain gene geine gaem gmae agme gantry gentrie gantry giantrie gandrie giandrie gantlie gentlie giantlie gendry gendrie gantrie gentry giantry gandry giandry gantly gently giantly gamtry gantyr ganrty gatnry gnatry agntry gantr ganty ganry gatry gntry antry genie genie geny gany geignie geignei geigny giegnie giegnei giegny genei ganie ganei gen1e gemie geine gneie egnie 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oporatoars opolaters opelatoars oerators opolatoars oprators opurators opeators opuratols opertors opuratoars operaors operaters operatrs oporatols operatosr operatros operaotrs opertaors opeartors opreators oeprators poerators perators oragami oragan1 oragani oragaim oragmai oraagmi orgaami oargami roagami oragam oragai oragmi oraami orgami oagami ragami oragami overhead overhead ovehead overead overeiad oburead obureiad ovuread ovureiad oerhead ovrhead oburhad oburhed overhad oburheed overhed ovurhead overheed ovurhad ovelhead ovurhed ovelhad ovurheed ovelhed ovelheed oburhead overheda overhaed overehad ovehread ovrehead oevrhead voerhead overhea verhead p&h p palfinger pa1f1nger palf1nger palfinger palfingre palfimger palfinegr palfigner palfniger palifnger paflinger plafinger aplfinger palfinge palfingr palfiner palfiger palfnger palinger pafinger plfinger alfinger paper paper papur papor papel papre paepr ppaer apper parts parts palts pards prats plats parst patrs aprts pelton letun ertun elton eltun leton erton pertun pletun pelto perto pleto pelton perton pleton peltun pe1ton peltom peltno pelotn petlon eplton peltn pelon peton plton pictures picture pictures pictre pictue pcture piture picure pycture pictere pyctere pictule pyctule picchure pycchure picchule pycchule pycteres pictules pyctules pyctures picteres pctures pitures picures pictres pictues picturs pycchures picchules pycchules picchures p1ctures picturse pictuers pictrues picutres pitcures pcitures ipctures ictures platform platform platorm platfrm platfom patform pltform plaform pratform platfolm pratfolm plator pratfol platfr pratfur platphor platphol pratphor pratphol platfor patfor platfol pltfor platfur plafor pratfor p1atforn platforn platfomr platfrom platofrm plaftorm pltaform paltform lpatform latform platforms platform platfom patform pltform plaform platorm platfrm pratform platfolm pratfolm platforms pratforms platfolms pratfolms platfrms platfoms platfors patforms pltforms plaforms platorms p1atforns platforns platforsm platfomrs platfroms platofrms plaftorms pltaforms paltforms lpatforms latforms plumbing pluming plumbng plumbig pumbing plmbing plumbing plubing prumbiegng prumbiegnt plumbeigng plumbeignt prumbeigng prumbeignt plumbiegng plumbiegnt plumbint plumbyng plumbynt prumbing prumbint prumbyng prumbynt plumig puming plming pluing plumng plumint pruming prumint prumbeign plumbin plumbiegn plumbyn prumbiegn prumbin pumbin prumbyn plmbin plumben plubin prumben plumin plumban plumbn prumban plumbeign p1unb1mg plunb1mg plunbimg plumbimg plumbign plumbnig plumibng plubming plmubing pulmbing lpumbing lumbing portable potale potibel potabe potible poteble potabul potibul potebul ptable potebre poable potibre potble potebel potabel potabre pertebre poltebul polteble porable pertibre portebre portabul portble pertebel portibre pertabul portale pertibel portebel poltabul portabe portibel portibul portible poltebre pertibul pertible poltibre poltibul poltible poltebel portebul porteble prtable portable poltibel pertebul perteble potable portabre pertable pertabel pertabre poltable poltabel poltabre portabel pertabl pertabr prtabl potabl porabl portbl portabl portal portabr poltabl poltabr portab1e portalbe portbale poratble potrable protable oprtable ortable radio radio radyo ladio ladyo rad1o radoi raido rdaio ardio rental rental renal lenal renar lenar lentar rantal rantar lantal lantar rentel rantel lantel lental lentel rentar riegntel reigntar liegntel leigntal leigntar reigntel leigntel riegntal riegntar liegntal liegntar reigntal ental entar entel lanta ranta reignta leignta riegnta liegnta renta lenta renta1 remtal rentla renatl retnal rnetal erntal rentl retal rntal rentals rental rantal rantar lantal lantar rentel rantel lantel lental lentel rentar lentar riegntel reigntar liegntel leigntal leigntar reigntel leigntel riegntal riegntar liegntal liegntar reigntal lantars rentels rantels lantels lentals lentels rentars lentars rantals rantars lantals rentals rentas rntals retals renals rentls lentas rantas lantas liegntals liegntars reigntals riegntels reigntars liegntels leigntals leigntars reigntels leigntels riegntals riegntars riegntas liegntas reigntas leigntas renta1s remtals rentasl rentlas renatls retnals rnetals erntals entals resistoflex res1stof1ex res1stoflex resistoflxe resistofelx resistolfex resistfolex resisotflex resitsoflex ressitoflex reisstoflex rseistoflex ersistoflex resistofle resistoflx resistofex resistolex resistflex resisoflex resitoflex resstoflex reistoflex rsistoflex esistoflex resistoflex revolution revolution evolution eolution evlution evoution evoltion evoluion evolutin evolutiom evorutiom evoluchon evoruchon evoluchun evoruchun evorusion evoluton evolushun evolushon evorution evoruton evorushun evorushon evolusion revoltion revoluion revolutin revolutiom levolutiom revorutiom rvolution levorutiom reolution revlution revoution levorushon levolushun revolusion levolushon revorusion revorution levolusion revoruton levorusion revorushun revoluton revorushon revolushun levorution revolushon levoruton levolution levorushun levoluton levoluchon levoruchon revoluchun revoruchun levoluchun levoruchun revoluchon revoruchon revo1ut1on revolut1on revolutino revolutoin revoluiton revoltuion revoultion revloution reovlution rveolution ervolution revolutio rigging riggig riggeing rigeing liggeing ligeing riggeint rigeint liggeint rgging riggng rigging riging riggint rigint ligging liging liggint ligint riggeign rigeign liggeign ligeign riggiegn rigiegn riggin liggiegn rigin ligiegn liggin ligin r1g1ng r1g1mg riggign riggnig rigigng rgiging irgging robert robert roburt lobert loburt robelt lobelt obert oburt obelt lober robel lobel rober robetr robret roebrt rboert orbert robet robrt roert rbert roost roost rooest rooust looest looust roust loost loust rost roest loest lost routs loots louts roots rosot orost sadako sadaok sadkao saadko sdaako asdako sadak sadao sadko saako sdako adako sadako safety safety safetie safeyt saftey saefty sfaety asfety safet safey safty saety sfety afety sale sale sael sare saul sail sa1e slae asle sand sand samd sadn snad asnd sandhill sandhyll sandhill sandhyl sandhirl sandhyrl sandhil sandhyr sandhir sndhill sadhill sanhill sandill sandhll sandh11 samdh11 sandh1l sandhlil sandihll sanhdill sadnhill snadhill asndhill school school schoul schoor shoul shoor schour shour schewel shewel skool skoor skoul skour skewel scool shool schol schor shol shor shou skoo skou skol skor schoo schou shoo scho1 scholo scohol shcool cshool seattle seattle seatte seatul sattul satul settul setul seettul seetul seattul siattul seatre settle siattre sattre settel siatle satre setle seattel siatel settre setel seatle siatul setre seettle seatel siatre seettre seettel sattle seetre seetle sattel siattle seetel satle siattel seattre satel seetr siattr seattl siatr seatl sattl satl settl setl seettl seetl siattl siatl seattr seatr sattr satr settr setr seettr s3at13 seat1e seatlte setatle saettle esattle service service srvice sevice servce servie selvice servise selvise servic selvic servik selvik serice selice serise selise serv1ce serviec servcie serivce sevrice srevice esrvice ervice services service services srvice sevice serice servce servie selvice servise selvise selvices srvices sevices serices servces servies servics selvises servises serv1ces servicse serviecs servcies serivces sevrices srevices esrvices ervices siding siding sideigng sideignt sidiegng sidiegnt sidint sidyng sidynt s1d1ng sidimg sidign sidnig siidng sdiing isding sidin sidig sidng siing sding iding sky sky schy schie skie squey squeie syk ksy song snog song somg sogn osng stationary stationary stashonurie stasionalie stationarie staionary stashonery stasionurie stationerie statonarie statinary stasionery statiomarie statonerie stashunarie statioary stationury statiomalie stashunerie stashonarie stationry statonury statiomerie stashonerie stasionarie stationay stashunury statiomurie stasionerie stationalie statiomary stashonury stationurie statonalie statiomaly stasionury stationery statonurie stashunalie statiomery sationary statonery stashunurie stashonalie statiomury sttionary stashunery stationaly statonaly stashunaly stashonaly stasionary stasionaly statonary stashunary stashonary stachonury stachunalie stachunary stachunerie stachunaly stachunurie stachunery stachunury stachonarie stachonalie stachonary stachonerie stachonaly stachonurie stachonery stachunarie stat1onary stationayr stationray statioanry statinoary statoinary staitonary sttaionary sattionary tsationary stationar tationary stephen stephn stepheign stefeign stephiegn stephen stefiegn stefin stephan stphen stefan stehen stepen stefen stephin sefiegn sephen sefin sephan sefan sepheign sefeign sephiegn sefen sephin stephe stefe stephem stephne stepehn stehpen stpehen setphen tsephen tephen steven seven sevan seveign seviegn sevin steve steviegn stevan stevin steven steveign steen steign steiegn stiegn stein stin stan steeign stean sten stevem stevne steevn stveen setven tseven stevn stven teven tadano terex texas thomas thomas thousand thousand thousand to toilet toilets tower tower toy trolley truck trucks used valve valves walter weight white whooping wife winch wine xr700 tadano tadano tadamo tadaon tadnao taadno tdaano atdano tadan tadao tadno taano tdano adano terex terxe teerx treex etrex terex texas texas texsa teaxs txeas etxas thomas thomas thonas thomsa thoams thmoas tohmas htomas thoma thoms thoas thmas tomas homas thomas thomas thonas thomsa thoams thmoas tohmas htomas thoma thoms thoas thmas tomas homas thousand thousand tousand thouand thousnd thousad thosand thusand thoosand thiusand husand houand housnd housad housand hoosand hiusand hosand thousamd thousadn thousnad thouasnd thosuand thuosand tohusand htousand thousan thousand thousand tousand thouand thousnd thousad thosand thusand thoosand thiusand husand houand housnd housad housand hoosand hiusand hosand thousamd thousadn thousnad thouasnd thosuand thuosand tohusand htousand thousan thousand thousand tousand thouand thousnd thousad thosand thusand thoosand thiusand husand houand housnd housad housand hoosand hiusand hosand thousamd thousadn thousnad thouasnd thosuand thuosand tohusand htousand thousan to to too two ot toilet toilet toielt toiret toile toire toiel toiul to11et to1let toilte toliet tiolet otilet toilt toiet tolet tilet oilet toilets toilet toielt toiret toielts toirets toilets tilets tolets toiets toilts toiles to11ets to1lets toilest toiltes toliets tiolets otilets oilets tower tower towher towel towhel towre toewr twoer otwer tower tower towher towel towhel towre toewr twoer otwer toy toy toie tyo oty trolley tlolelie trlley tloleie trolly tlorleie trolleie trolelie troleie trorleie trorelie trolley troreie tlolleie trorley trorely trorey tlolley tlolely tloley tlorley tlorely trolely tlorey troley trolie trorlie trorie tlollie tlolie tlorlie trollie trori tlolly tloly tlolli troly tloli trolli tlorly troli tlory trorly tlorli trory trorli tolleie tolelie toleie torleie tolley torelie toreie tolely toley torley torely torey lolleie lorley rolley lolelie lorely rolely loleie lorey roley lorleie rolleie rorley rolelie rorely roleie rorey rorleie lolley rorelie lolely roreie loley tro13y tro1ey trollye trloley torlley rtolley truck truck truvk tluvk truk tluk tluck turck terck tulck turvk tervk tulvk churck churvk chulck chulvk trukc trcuk rtuck trucks truck truvk tluvk tluk truk tluck tlucks trucks tucks rucks lucks trux tlux tux rux lux chucks chux trucsk trukcs trcuks turcks rtucks trucs truks trcks used used sued usde uesd valve valve velve velfe vahlve vahrve vahlfe vilve vilfe valfe varve varfe va1ve valev vavle vlave avlve valves valve velve velfe vahlve vahrve vahlfe vilve vilfe varve varfe valfe valves valfes varves varfes velves velfes vahlves vahrves vahlfes vaels vares vales alves alfes arves arfes veles vahles vahres vahels va1ves valvse valevs vavles vlaves avlves valvs vaves vlves walter water alter wator whator whatur watel whatel whater watur altor artor altar altel artel altur arter artur waltor whaltor wartor whartor walter wartel whalter whartel waltur whaltur warter wharter wartur whartur waltel whaltel waler waell whaell warer wharer walel whalel warel wharel waelr whaler whaelr watrer watrel whatler whatlel whatelr whatell watler whatrer watlel whatrel watelr watell wa1ter waltre waletr wlater awlter walte waltr wlter weight eight weight wiete wheite weite wait wayt wieght wheight weift wieft wheift weigt wiegt wheigt weig wieg wheig weigh way whey weif wief wheif wiegh wheigh eite iete ate ayt eigt iegt ieght eift ieft wight wite wift wigt we1ght weigth weihgt wegiht ewight weiht weght white white whight whyte whyght whette whetght whtie whtei whty wh1te whiet wihte hwite whooping wooping whoping whooping whooing whoopng whoopig whoupyng whoupynt whoopint whoopyng whoopynt whouping whoupint hooing hooping, hoopng, hoopint, hoopig, hoopyng, hoopynt, houping, houpint, houpyng, houpynt, hoping, whop1ng, whop1mg, whoopign, whoopnig, whooipng, whopoing, wohoping, hwooping wife wife, w1fe, wief, wfie iwfe winch winch weignch wiegnch w1nch wimch winhc wicnh wnich iwnch wine wine win whine weigne weeign weign wiegne weiegn wiegn ween wien wein wieign wiiegn w1ne wime wnie iwne xr700 xr700 xr070 x7r00 rx700 accident accident accidet accidnt accient accdent acideignt accidiegnt acidiegnt accideignt acident accidant acidant ac1d3nt ac1d3mt ac1dent accidetn accidnet acciednt accdient acicdent cacident accidents accident accidet accidnt accient accdent acideignt accidiegnt acidiegnt accideignt acident accidant acidant acidents accidants acidants accidents accients accdents accidens accidets accidnts accideignts acideignts accidiegnts acidiegnts ac1d3nts ac1d3mts ac1dents accidenst accidetns accidnets acciednts accdients acicdents cacidents aerial arial aerial aerair aelair aereal aerear aeleal aelear aelial aelail aeliar aerail aeriar aleal alear aliar arair alair areal arear arail alial alail ariar aeria aelia aerai aelai aerea aelea aer1a1 aer1al aerila aeiral areial earial aeril aeral aeial erial aerospace arrowspace aerospace aeroespace aeloespace aerospae aerouspace aerospce aelouspace aerosace aeropace aerspace aeospace arospace aelospace aerospaec aerospcae aerosapce aeropsace aersopace aeorspace areospace earospace aerospac erospace american america american americn amrican amercan amerian ameican aerican amorican amelican amelicin amoricin americen amelicen amoricen americin ameria aerica amerca ameica amrica amorica amelica aner1cam anericam americam americna ameriacn amercian ameircan amreican aemrican maerican merican and and amd adn nad auto auto auot atuo uato barbados barbados balbados bahlbadoes barbdos barbadous barados balbadous babados bahrbadous brbados bahlbadous barbadoes balbadoes bahrbados bahlbados barbads bahrbadoes barbaos barbadso barbaods barbdaos barabdos babrados brabados abrbados barbado arbados beach beach biach bach bech beech ebach ebahch beahc becah baech bellevue b313vu3 be1evue belleveu belleuve bellveue belelvue bellevue blelevue ebllevue belevue big big byg b1g bgi ibg bird bird byrred birred byrd bild ibrd ibrred ibld brid blid b1rd bidr blue blue blew brue bleu belu breu b1ue bule lbue blue blue blew brue bleu belu breu b1ue bule lbue bob bob bbo obb boice boice boise bo1ce boiec bocie bioce obice boom bon boom boum bom bum bomo obom bridge bridge ridge brege blege blidge blige brige lege rege rige lidge lige bride blide br1dge brideg brigde brdige birdge rbidge bridg brdge bidge brinton bliton britun blitun brintn bliegnton brintun briegngon blintun bliegngon breignton briegntun bleignton bliegntun breigngon binton bleigngon brinton brnton breigntun blinton briton bleigntun bringon brinon briegnton blingon br1nton brimton brintno brinotn britnon brniton birnton rbinton brinto rinton bucyrus bucyrus bucyrs bucyus bucrus bcyrus buyrus bucyris bucyrsu bucyurs bucryus buycrus bcuyrus ubcyrus bucyru ucyrus cam can cam cin cen acm cma camera camera camora camela camer camel camor canera camear camrea caemra cmaera acmera camea camra caera cmera amera cams cams cans casm cmas acms cams cams cans casm cmas acms candy candy candie candi camdy canyd cadny cnady acndy cards cards calds carts carreds carsd cadrs crads acrds christmas christmas chistmas chrstmas chritmas chrismas christas christms cristmas christma cristma chistma chrstma chritma chrisma christa chr1stnas christnas christmsa christams chrismtas chritsmas chrsitmas chirstmas crhistmas hcristmas hristmas cobra cobra cobla corba colbah corbah colba cobar cobal cobahr cobahl cbora ocbra collapse collapse cllapse collpse collase collape colapse corlapse corapse co1aps3 co1apse collapes collaspe collpase colalpse clolapse ocllapse com com con cum cmo ocm comp conp copm cmop ocmp comp companies companies companeis companius compenies compeneis compenius cmpanies copanies comanies compnies compaies companes companis compnie companie compaie companei compane company compenie compenei compeny cmpanie copanie comanie conpam1es conpamies compamies companise compaines compnaies comapnies copmanies cmopanies ocmpanies ompanies company company compay companie compenie cmpany copany comany compny compeny compan compen compin conpamy compamy compayn compnay comapny copmany cmopany ocmpany ompany construction construction constructin constructiom cnstruction constluctiom costruction contruction consruction constuction constrction constrution construcion constlucsion constructon construcshun construcshon constluction constlucton constlucshun constlucshon construcsion construdon constludion constludiom constludon construcchon construcchun constlucchon constlucchun construdion construdiom cnstructio costructio contructio consructio constuctio constrctio constructio construtio constluctio construcio construdio constructo constludio construct1on comstruction constructino constructoin construciton construtcion constrcution consturction consrtuction contsruction cosntruction cnostruction ocnstruction onstruction crain clain carin clian calin clane careign craeign caleign claeign cariegn craiegn caliegn claiegn crain crian crane cra1n craim crani rcain crane crain clain creine cleine crane clane carne calne crame craen crnae rcane cranes creine cleine crane crain clain clane canes cains ceines clanes cranes clans ranes lanes carnes calnes crans crains clains creines cleines rains reines lains leines crames cranse craens crnaes rcanes craes crnes cranky crank clank crankie clankie cranky clanky cramky cranyk crakny crnaky carnky rcanky crany craky crnky canky ranky crawler clallel crawler cralelr cawler clalelr crwler crawell craler cralell crawer clawell crawlr craller claller crallel clawrel crawelr clawler clawelr crawlel clawlel crawrer clawrer crawrel craw1er crawlre cralwer crwaler carwler rcawler crawle rawler creek creek crique clique creak crek cleek cleak clek cr3k creke cerek rceek crowne crone crown cre croe crne clone clown crowe clowe crowhe clowhe crowne crowme crowen cronwe crwone corwne rcowne crwne cowne rowneaccident accidents aerial aerospace american and auto barbados beach bellevue big bird blue blue bob boice boom bridge brinton bucyrus cam camera cams cams candy cards christmas cobra collapse com comp companies company construction crain crane cranes cranky crawler creek crowned darla david decemberists denny electric equipment estate faucet faucets fireball flies fly fold for foundation frasier game gantry genie grove hart hedd high hill hoist hoists how humidifier humidifiers hydraulic icabod ichabod ignition in indiana international james japanese jib jlg john jon ken kobelco lake library liebherr lift lifting lifts lyrics machine machines make manitowoc maxim migration mobile museo music darla darla dalla dar1a daral dalra drala adrla david david dav1d davdi daivd dvaid advid decemberists decenber1sts decenberists decemberisst decemberitss decembersits decembeirsts decembreists decemebrists decebmerists decmeberists deecmberists dceemberists edcemberists decemberist decemberiss decemberits decembersts decembeists decembrists decemerists deceberists decmberists deemberists dcemberists ecemberists decemberists denny danie denny deny danny dany denni danni dennie denie dannie diegnnie diegnie deignny deigny deignni deignnie deignie diegnny diegny diegnni d3ny d3my denyn dneny ednny electric electric eletric elecric electrc erectlic eectric elctric eelctlik leectlik erectlik electrik eelctrik leectrik erectrik eerctrik electlik erectric eerctric electlic eelctlic leectlic eerctlic eelctric leectric eectic elctic eletic elecic electc electic erectik eerctik electik eelctik leectik eerctic eelctic leectic erectic eelctli eectri elctri electri eletri erectri elecri leectri electi eelctri electli erectli leectli e1ectr1c electr1c electrci electirc elecrtic eletcric elcetric lectric equipment equipment equipmnt equipmet eqwipment ekipment eqwapment ekipmant eqwipmant euipment eqwapmant eqipment equpment equiment equipent ekwipmant ekwapmant equapment ekwipment ekwapment equipmant equapmant ekipmeignt equapmeignt equipmiegnt ekwipmiegnt eqwipmiegnt ekipmiegnt equapmiegnt equipmeignt ekwipmeignt eqwipmeignt ekipmeign ekwipman equipmen equimen equapmeign eqwipman ekwipmen equipen equipmiegn ekipman eqwipmen equipmn ekwipmiegn equapmen ekipmen eqwipmiegn equapmin equipmin ekipmiegn equapman ekwipmin equapmiegn equipmeign eqwipmin euipmen ekwipmeign ekipmin eqipmen eqwipmeign equipman equpmen equ1pnemt equipnemt equipmemt equipmetn equipmnet equipemnt equimpent equpiment eqiupment euqipment qeuipment quipment estate estate state staght estaght estaet esttae esatte etsate setate estat estae estte esate etate faucet facet faicet faucet fucet phucet faucte fauect facuet fuacet afucet fauce fauct fauet aucet faucets faucet fauces faicets facets faucets fucets fauets faucts phucets faucest fauctes fauects facuets fuacets afucets aucets fireball filebahll firebll fireball filebahrl firebal filebahwl firebar firebahl filebal filebahl firebawl filebar filebawl freball firebahll fieball firebahrl firball firebahwl fireall firebarl fileball filebarl fr3ba1 phr3ba1 f1r3ba1 f1reba1 f1rebal fireblal fireabll firbeall fierball frieball ifreball flies flies fleis fries freis flius frius fiels fires files phials fules f1es ph1es f11es fl1es flise lfies fly fly flie frie fli fry fri fy fie phi fi phie phy f1y fyl lfy fold fold foaled ford f1d ph1d fo1d fodl flod ofld for for fro four fol fur fore phor phol flo fr fl phr ofr foundation foundation foondatiom fundation fondation foudation founation foundtion foundaion foundatin foundatiom phoundaton phoondachun foundachon phoondaton phoundashon foondachon phoondashon foundachun phoundashun foondachun phoondashun phoundation phoundasion phoondation phoondasion phoundachon phoundatiom phoondachon phoondatiom phoundachun foondasion foundaton foundashun foundashon foondation foondaton foondashun foondashon foundasion fundat1on phundat1on foundat1on foumdation foundatino foundatoin foundaiton foundtaion founadtion foudnation fonudation fuondation ofundation foundatio oundation frasier frasel flasel flaser flaseil fraicel flaiser fasier flaicer fliaser frsier frasier flaicel flaisel frasir frasiel faiser fliasel flasier friser fraizer flasiel fraser fraizel fraiser fraseir fraier flaizer friaser fraseil fraisr flaizel fraisel flaseir fraicer friasel fas1er phas1er fras1er frasire frsaier farsier rfasier frasie rasier game game gane gain gene geine gaem gmae agme gantry gentrie gantry giantrie gandrie giandrie gantlie gentlie giantlie gendry gendrie gantrie gentry giantry gandry giandry gantly gently giantly gamtry gantyr ganrty gatnry gnatry agntry gantr ganty ganry gatry gntry antry genie genie geny gany geignie geignei geigny giegnie giegnei giegny genei ganie ganei gen1e gemie geine gneie egnie grove grove glove groev grvoe gorve rgove hart hart hard heart halt hatr hrat ahrt hedd h3d hedd hded ehdd hed high high hig hyf hyg hi hie heigh hygh hif h1gh hihg hgih ihgh hill hill hil hir hyll hyl hyrl hyr he'll hirl h11 h1l hlil ihll hoist hoist ho1st hoits hosit hiost ohist hoists hoist hosts hoists hoests housts ho1sts hoisst hoitss hosits hiosts ohists hoiss hoits hists oists how how hwo ohw humidifier humiifier humidifier humidfier humidifeir humidiier humidyfier humidifer humidyfeir humidifir humidifiel humidifeil humidyfiel humidyfeil hmidifier huidifier humdifier hun1d1f1er hunidifier hunidifire humidifire humidiifer humidfiier humiidfier humdiifier huimdifier hmuidifier uhmidifier humidifie umidifier humidifiers humidyfiers humidyfius humidyfeirs humidifiels humidyfiels humidifeis humidyfies humidyfeis humidifeirs humidifius humidifiers humiifier humidifier humidifers humidfier humidifeir hmidifies humidifirs humidiier humidyfier huidifies humidifies humidifer humidyfeir humdifies humidifeils hmidifiers humidifir humidifiel humiifies humidyfeils huidifiers humidifeil humidyfiel humidfies humdifiers humidyfeil hmidifier humidiies humiifiers huidifier humidifes humidfiers humdifier humidifis humidiiers hun1d1f1ers hunidifiers humidifiesr humidifires humidiifers humidfiiers humiidfiers humdiifiers huimdifiers hmuidifiers uhmidifiers umidifiers hydraulic hydraulic hidlauric hydrauic hidraulik hydraulc hidlaulik hydraulik hidraurik hydlaulik hydraurik hdraulic hydlaurik hyraulic hidraulic hydaulic hidlaulic hydrulic hidrauric hydralic hydlaulic hydrauric hydlauric hydrau11c hydraul1c hydraulci hydrauilc hydraluic hydrualic hydarulic hyrdaulic hdyraulic yhdraulic hydrauli ydraulic icabod 1cabod icabdo icaobd icbaod iacbod ciabod icabo icabd icaod icbod iabod cabod icabod ichabod ichabod ihabod icabod ichbod ichaod ichabd 1chabod ichabdo ichaobd ichbaod icahbod ihcabod cihabod ichabo chabod ignition ignechon ignitin ignition initiom ignichun ignitiom inetiom ignechun ignetion initon inetion igneton ineton inishon ignetiom inichon ineshon igneshon inition inechon inishun igneshun igition inichun ineshun ignesion igntion inechun inision ignichon igniion inesion igniton ignishun ignishon ignision 1gn1t1on igmition ignitino ignitoin igniiton igntiion igintion ingition ginition ignitio gnition in in inn eign iegn en an 1n im ni indiana indian iegndeen eigndiiegn eigndyen indyin indean iegndian indien indein iegndyan indyen indeen iegndain eigndian eigndean iegndiin eigndyan eigndein iegndyin eigndain eigndeen iegndien eigndiin iegndean iegndyen eigndyin iegndein eigndaiegn eigndien indiin indain indyan indiana idiana iniana indana indina indiaa eigndaiegna indeana eigndiana eigndyana eigndaina eigndeana iegndiana iegndyana iegndaina iegndeana indaina indyana 1nd1ana imdiana indiaan indinaa inidana idniana nidiana ndiana international international internatiomar interational intenrationar ingernatiomar interntional intenratonar inturnatiomar internaional intenrashunar intelnatiomal internatinal intenrashonar ingelnatiomal internatioal intenrasionar intenrational intelnatiomar internationl iternational intenratonal intenratiomal internatiomal inernational intenrashunal intenratiomar ingernatiomal intrnational intenrashonal inturnatiomal intenational intenrasional enternatiomal enternatonal enternatiomar enternashunal enternashonal enternasional enternationar enternatonar enternashunar enternashonar enternasionar enternational entornationar intornashonar entornatiomal intornasionar intornational intornatiomal intornatonal intornatiomar intornashunal entornational intornashonal entornatonal intornasional entornashunal intornationar entornashonal intornatonar entornasional intornashunar inturnashonar internashunar ingernatonal inturnasionar intelnatonar intelnational internashonar ingernashunal intelnasional intelnashunar intelnatonal ingernationar ingernashonal ingelnasional intelnashonar intelnashunal ingernatonar inturnational intelnasionar ingelnationar intelnashonal ingernashunar inturnatonal internasional ingelnational ingernashonar inturnashunal internatonal ingernasional ingelnatonal inturnationar inturnashonal internashunal inturnasional ingelnashunal inturnatonar internationar james james janes jains jeines jamse jaems jmaes ajmes japanese japanese jpanese jaanese japnese japaese japanse japanee japainse japeinese japenese japanes japains japeines japenes jpanes jaanes japnes japaes japans japamese japanees japansee japaense japnaese jaapnese jpaanese ajpanese apanese jib jib j1b jbi ijb jlg j1g jgl ljg jlg john john jehn jon johm jonh jhon ojhn jon jon john jom jno ojn ken ken kan keign kiegn kin kem kne ekn kobelco kobe1co kobeloc kobeclo kobleco koeblco kboelco okbelco kobelc kobelo kobeco koblco koelco kbelco obelco kobelco lake lake rake 1ake laek lkae alke library library ribrery liblerie libray riblery ribrerie librarie librury librurie liblarie liblury liblurie ribrarie ribrury ribrurie riblarie riblury libralie lbrary liblalie lirary librery ribralie libary liblery librerie librry liblary ribrary riblary libraly liblaly ribraly riblaly librar libral liblar liblal ribrar ribral riblar riblal 11brary l1brary librayr librray libarry lirbary lbirary ilbrary ibrary liebherr libherr riebherr lieherr riebhelr lieberr reibherr liebhrr reibhelr liebher leibher liebherr riebher liebhelr reibher leibherr lebherr leibhelr 113bh3r 11ebher l1ebher liebhre liebhrer liebehrr liehberr libeherr ilebherr lift lift liphed riphed rift 11ft l1ft litf lfit ilft lifting liftig lifting lfting liting lifing liftng riftiegnt rifteigng riphedeigng lipheding rifteignt liphedint liftiegng ripheding liphediegng riphedint liftiegnt lifteigng liphediegnt liphedeigng riftiegng lifteignt riphediegng liphedeignt liftint rifting riftint riftan liphediegn liftin riphedan riftiegn liphedin riphediegn riftin liften riphedin lipheden lifteign riften liphedeign ripheden rifteign liftan riphedeign liphedan liftiegn 11ft1ng l1ft1ng liftimg liftign liftnig lifitng litfing lfiting ilfting ifting lifts rifts lifts lipheds ripheds 11fts l1fts lifst litfs lfits ilfts lyrics lyric lyrik lirik ryrik ririk liric ryric riric lirics ryrics rirics lyrics 1yr1cs lyr1cs lyrisc lyrcis lyircs lryics ylrics lyris lyrcs lyics lrics yrics machine machine macine machne machie mchine mahine machein machyne macheiegn macheen macheigne macheeign machiegne machin machyn macheign machiegn machen machan nach1me nachime machime machien machnie macihne mahcine mcahine amchine achine machines machine mchine mahine macine machne machie machin machein machyn machyne macheen macheigne macheeign macheign machiegne macheiegn machiegn machines mchines mahines macines machnes machies machins machynes macheignes machiegnes nach1mes nachimes machimes machinse machiens machnies macihnes mahcines mcahines amchines achines make make nake maek mkae amke manitowoc maniowoc manitwoc manitooc manitowc manetowoc manitowoc mnitowoc maitowoc mantowoc nam1towoc namitowoc mamitowoc manitowco manitoowc manitwooc maniotwoc mantiowoc maintowoc mnaitowoc amnitowoc manitowo anitowoc maxim maxim mactsim nax1m naxim maxmi maixm mxaim amxim migration migration migrtion migraion migratin migratiom miglatiom mgration miration migation miglation miglaton miglashun miglashon migrasion miglasion migraton migrashun migrashon n1grat1om nigratiom migratino migratoin migraiton migrtaion migartion mirgation mgiration imgration migratio igration mobile mobile mobule mobiul mobyul mobuul mobuel mobiel mobyle mobyel mobire moble mobel mobre moile moiul moiel moire mobil mobyl mobir mobul nobiul nobyul nobuul nobile nobyle nobule nobire nobiel nobyel nobuel nob11e nob1le moblie moible mboile ombile mobie mbile obile museo nuseo musoe mueso msueo umseo museo music music musik musci nus1c nusic muisc msuic umsic national niles nswc of operator operators oragami overhead p&h palfinger paper parts pelton pictures platform platforms plumbing portable radio rental rentals resistoflex revolution rigging robert roost sadako safety sale sand sandhill school seattle service services siding sky song stationary stephen steven niles miles miels mires niles niels nires n11es n1les nilse nlies inles nswc nswc mswc nscw nwsc snwc of of fo operator opelatur opuratol opolatur operater opurater oerator oporater oprator opelater opeator opolater opertor operator operatur operaor opuratur operatr oporatur opurator oporatol opolator opelatol oporator opelator operatol operatro operaotr opertaor opeartor opreator oeprator poerator operato perator operators opolater opertor operator operatur operaor opuratur operatr oporatur opurator opelatur opuratol opolatur operater opurater oerator oporater oprator opelater opeator oporatol oporator opelator operatol opolator opelatol operatols opolators opelatols oporators opelators operators opuraters operatos oporaters operatoars opelaters oporatoars opolaters opelatoars oerators opolatoars oprators opurators opeators opuratols opertors opuratoars operaors operaters operatrs oporatols operatosr operatros operaotrs opertaors opeartors opreators oeprators poerators perators oragami oragan1 oragani oragaim oragmai oraagmi orgaami oargami roagami oragam oragai oragmi oraami orgami oagami ragami oragami overhead overhead ovehead overead overeiad oburead obureiad ovuread ovureiad oerhead ovrhead oburhad oburhed overhad oburheed overhed ovurhead overheed ovurhad ovelhead ovurhed ovelhad ovurheed ovelhed ovelheed oburhead overheda overhaed overehad ovehread ovrehead oevrhead voerhead overhea verhead p&h p palfinger pa1f1nger palf1nger palfinger palfingre palfimger palfinegr palfigner palfniger palifnger paflinger plafinger aplfinger palfinge palfingr palfiner palfiger palfnger palinger pafinger plfinger alfinger paper paper papur papor papel papre paepr ppaer apper parts parts palts pards prats plats parst patrs aprts pelton letun ertun elton eltun leton erton pertun pletun pelto perto pleto pelton perton pleton peltun pe1ton peltom peltno pelotn petlon eplton peltn pelon peton plton pictures picture pictures pictre pictue pcture piture picure pycture pictere pyctere pictule pyctule picchure pycchure picchule pycchule pycteres pictules pyctules pyctures picteres pctures pitures picures pictres pictues picturs pycchures picchules pycchules picchures p1ctures picturse pictuers pictrues picutres pitcures pcitures ipctures ictures platform platform platorm platfrm platfom patform pltform plaform pratform platfolm pratfolm plator pratfol platfr pratfur platphor platphol pratphor pratphol platfor patfor platfol pltfor platfur plafor pratfor p1atforn platforn platfomr platfrom platofrm plaftorm pltaform paltform lpatform latform platforms platform platfom patform pltform plaform platorm platfrm pratform platfolm pratfolm platforms pratforms platfolms pratfolms platfrms platfoms platfors patforms pltforms plaforms platorms p1atforns platforns platforsm platfomrs platfroms platofrms plaftorms pltaforms paltforms lpatforms latforms plumbing pluming plumbng plumbig pumbing plmbing plumbing plubing prumbiegng prumbiegnt plumbeigng plumbeignt prumbeigng prumbeignt plumbiegng plumbiegnt plumbint plumbyng plumbynt prumbing prumbint prumbyng prumbynt plumig puming plming pluing plumng plumint pruming prumint prumbeign plumbin plumbiegn plumbyn prumbiegn prumbin pumbin prumbyn plmbin plumben plubin prumben plumin plumban plumbn prumban plumbeign p1unb1mg plunb1mg plunbimg plumbimg plumbign plumbnig plumibng plubming plmubing pulmbing lpumbing lumbing portable potale potibel potabe potible poteble potabul potibul potebul ptable potebre poable potibre potble potebel potabel potabre pertebre poltebul polteble porable pertibre portebre portabul portble pertebel portibre pertabul portale pertibel portebel poltabul portabe portibel portibul portible poltebre pertibul pertible poltibre poltibul poltible poltebel portebul porteble prtable portable poltibel pertebul perteble potable portabre pertable pertabel pertabre poltable poltabel poltabre portabel pertabl pertabr prtabl potabl porabl portbl portabl portal portabr poltabl poltabr portab1e portalbe portbale poratble potrable protable oprtable ortable radio radio radyo ladio ladyo rad1o radoi raido rdaio ardio rental rental renal lenal renar lenar lentar rantal rantar lantal lantar rentel rantel lantel lental lentel rentar riegntel reigntar liegntel leigntal leigntar reigntel leigntel riegntal riegntar liegntal liegntar reigntal ental entar entel lanta ranta reignta leignta riegnta liegnta renta lenta renta1 remtal rentla renatl retnal rnetal erntal rentl retal rntal rentals rental rantal rantar lantal lantar rentel rantel lantel lental lentel rentar lentar riegntel reigntar liegntel leigntal leigntar reigntel leigntel riegntal riegntar liegntal liegntar reigntal lantars rentels rantels lantels lentals lentels rentars lentars rantals rantars lantals rentals rentas rntals retals renals rentls lentas rantas lantas liegntals liegntars reigntals riegntels reigntars liegntels leigntals leigntars reigntels leigntels riegntals riegntars riegntas liegntas reigntas leigntas renta1s remtals rentasl rentlas renatls retnals rnetals erntals entals resistoflex res1stof1ex res1stoflex resistoflxe resistofelx resistolfex resistfolex resisotflex resitsoflex ressitoflex reisstoflex rseistoflex ersistoflex resistofle resistoflx resistofex resistolex resistflex resisoflex resitoflex resstoflex reistoflex rsistoflex esistoflex resistoflex revolution revolution evolution eolution evlution evoution evoltion evoluion evolutin evolutiom evorutiom evoluchon evoruchon evoluchun evoruchun evorusion evoluton evolushun evolushon evorution evoruton evorushun evorushon evolusion revoltion revoluion revolutin revolutiom levolutiom revorutiom rvolution levorutiom reolution revlution revoution levorushon levolushun revolusion levolushon revorusion revorution levolusion revoruton levorusion revorushun revoluton revorushon revolushun levorution revolushon levoruton levolution levorushun levoluton levoluchon levoruchon revoluchun revoruchun levoluchun levoruchun revoluchon revoruchon revo1ut1on revolut1on revolutino revolutoin revoluiton revoltuion revoultion revloution reovlution rveolution ervolution revolutio rigging riggig riggeing rigeing liggeing ligeing riggeint rigeint liggeint rgging riggng rigging riging riggint rigint ligging liging liggint ligint riggeign rigeign liggeign ligeign riggiegn rigiegn riggin liggiegn rigin ligiegn liggin ligin r1g1ng r1g1mg riggign riggnig rigigng rgiging irgging robert robert roburt lobert loburt robelt lobelt obert oburt obelt lober robel lobel rober robetr robret roebrt rboert orbert robet robrt roert rbert roost roost rooest rooust looest looust roust loost loust rost roest loest lost routs loots louts roots rosot orost sadako sadaok sadkao saadko sdaako asdako sadak sadao sadko saako sdako adako sadako safety safety safetie safeyt saftey saefty sfaety asfety safet safey safty saety sfety afety sale sale sael sare saul sail sa1e slae asle sand sand samd sadn snad asnd sandhill sandhyll sandhill sandhyl sandhirl sandhyrl sandhil sandhyr sandhir sndhill sadhill sanhill sandill sandhll sandh11 samdh11 sandh1l sandhlil sandihll sanhdill sadnhill snadhill asndhill school school schoul schoor shoul shoor schour shour schewel shewel skool skoor skoul skour skewel scool shool schol schor shol shor shou skoo skou skol skor schoo schou shoo scho1 scholo scohol shcool cshool seattle seattle seatte seatul sattul satul settul setul seettul seetul seattul siattul seatre settle siattre sattre settel siatle satre setle seattel siatel settre setel seatle siatul setre seettle seatel siatre seettre seettel sattle seetre seetle sattel siattle seetel satle siattel seattre satel seetr siattr seattl siatr seatl sattl satl settl setl seettl seetl siattl siatl seattr seatr sattr satr settr setr seettr s3at13 seat1e seatlte setatle saettle esattle service service srvice sevice servce servie selvice servise selvise servic selvic servik selvik serice selice serise selise serv1ce serviec servcie serivce sevrice srevice esrvice ervice services service services srvice sevice serice servce servie selvice servise selvise selvices srvices sevices serices servces servies servics selvises servises serv1ces servicse serviecs servcies serivces sevrices srevices esrvices ervices siding siding sideigng sideignt sidiegng sidiegnt sidint sidyng sidynt s1d1ng sidimg sidign sidnig siidng sdiing isding sidin sidig sidng siing sding iding sky sky schy schie skie squey squeie syk ksy song snog song somg sogn osng stationary stationary stashonurie stasionalie stationarie staionary stashonery stasionurie stationerie statonarie statinary stasionery statiomarie statonerie stashunarie statioary stationury statiomalie stashunerie stashonarie stationry statonury statiomerie stashonerie stasionarie stationay stashunury statiomurie stasionerie stationalie statiomary stashonury stationurie statonalie statiomaly stasionury stationery statonurie stashunalie statiomery sationary statonery stashunurie stashonalie statiomury sttionary stashunery stationaly statonaly stashunaly stashonaly stasionary stasionaly statonary stashunary stashonary stachonury stachunalie stachunary stachunerie stachunaly stachunurie stachunery stachunury stachonarie stachonalie stachonary stachonerie stachonaly stachonurie stachonery stachunarie stat1onary stationayr stationray statioanry statinoary statoinary staitonary sttaionary sattionary tsationary stationar tationary stephen stephn stepheign stefeign stephiegn stephen stefiegn stefin stephan stphen stefan stehen stepen stefen stephin sefiegn sephen sefin sephan sefan sepheign sefeign sephiegn sefen sephin stephe stefe stephem stephne stepehn stehpen stpehen setphen tsephen tephen steven seven sevan seveign seviegn sevin steve steviegn stevan stevin steven steveign steen steign steiegn stiegn stein stin stan steeign stean sten stevem stevne steevn stveen setven tseven stevn stven teven tadano terex texas thomas thomas thousand thousand thousand to toilet toilets tower tower toy trolley truck trucks used valve valves walter weight white whooping wife winch wine xr700 tadano tadano tadamo tadaon tadnao taadno tdaano atdano tadan tadao tadno taano tdano adano terex terxe teerx treex etrex terex texas texas texsa teaxs txeas etxas thomas thomas thonas thomsa thoams thmoas tohmas htomas thoma thoms thoas thmas tomas homas thomas thomas thonas thomsa thoams thmoas tohmas htomas thoma thoms thoas thmas tomas homas thousand thousand tousand thouand thousnd thousad thosand thusand thoosand thiusand husand houand housnd housad housand hoosand hiusand hosand thousamd thousadn thousnad thouasnd thosuand thuosand tohusand htousand thousan thousand thousand tousand thouand thousnd thousad thosand thusand thoosand thiusand husand houand housnd housad housand hoosand hiusand hosand thousamd thousadn thousnad thouasnd thosuand thuosand tohusand htousand thousan thousand thousand tousand thouand thousnd thousad thosand thusand thoosand thiusand husand houand housnd housad housand hoosand hiusand hosand thousamd thousadn thousnad thouasnd thosuand thuosand tohusand htousand thousan to to too two ot toilet toilet toielt toiret toile toire toiel toiul to11et to1let toilte toliet tiolet otilet toilt toiet tolet tilet oilet toilets toilet toielt toiret toielts toirets toilets tilets tolets toiets toilts toiles to11ets to1lets toilest toiltes toliets tiolets otilets oilets tower tower towher towel towhel towre toewr twoer otwer tower tower towher towel towhel towre toewr twoer otwer toy toy toie tyo oty trolley tlolelie trlley tloleie trolly tlorleie trolleie trolelie troleie trorleie trorelie trolley troreie tlolleie trorley trorely trorey tlolley tlolely tloley tlorley tlorely trolely tlorey troley trolie trorlie trorie tlollie tlolie tlorlie trollie trori tlolly tloly tlolli troly tloli trolli tlorly troli tlory trorly tlorli trory trorli tolleie tolelie toleie torleie tolley torelie toreie tolely toley torley torely torey lolleie lorley rolley lolelie lorely rolely loleie lorey roley lorleie rolleie rorley rolelie rorely roleie rorey rorleie lolley rorelie lolely roreie loley tro13y tro1ey trollye trloley torlley rtolley truck truck truvk tluvk truk tluk tluck turck terck tulck turvk tervk tulvk churck churvk chulck chulvk trukc trcuk rtuck trucks truck truvk tluvk tluk truk tluck tlucks trucks tucks rucks lucks trux tlux tux rux lux chucks chux trucsk trukcs trcuks turcks rtucks trucs truks trcks used used sued usde uesd valve valve velve velfe vahlve vahrve vahlfe vilve vilfe valfe varve varfe va1ve valev vavle vlave avlve valves valve velve velfe vahlve vahrve vahlfe vilve vilfe varve varfe valfe valves valfes varves varfes velves velfes vahlves vahrves vahlfes vaels vares vales alves alfes arves arfes veles vahles vahres vahels va1ves valvse valevs vavles vlaves avlves valvs vaves vlves walter water alter wator whator whatur watel whatel whater watur altor artor altar altel artel altur arter artur waltor whaltor wartor whartor walter wartel whalter whartel waltur whaltur warter wharter wartur whartur waltel whaltel waler waell whaell warer wharer walel whalel warel wharel waelr whaler whaelr watrer watrel whatler whatlel whatelr whatell watler whatrer watlel whatrel watelr watell wa1ter waltre waletr wlater awlter walte waltr wlter weight eight weight wiete wheite weite wait wayt wieght wheight weift wieft wheift weigt wiegt wheigt weig wieg wheig weigh way whey weif wief wheif wiegh wheigh eite iete ate ayt eigt iegt ieght eift ieft wight wite wift wigt we1ght weigth weihgt wegiht ewight weiht weght white white whight whyte whyght whette whetght whtie whtei whty wh1te whiet wihte hwite whooping wooping whoping whooping whooing whoopng whoopig whoupyng whoupynt whoopint whoopyng whoopynt whouping whoupint hooing hooping, hoopng, hoopint, hoopig, hoopyng, hoopynt, houping, houpint, houpyng, houpynt, hoping, whop1ng, whop1mg, whoopign, whoopnig, whooipng, whopoing, wohoping, hwooping wife wife, w1fe, wief, wfie iwfe winch winch weignch wiegnch w1nch wimch winhc wicnh wnich iwnch wine wine win whine weigne weeign weign wiegne weiegn wiegn ween wien wein wieign wiiegn w1ne wime wnie iwne xr700 xr700 xr070 x7r00 rx700