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Find this page fast. Type in a 1senarc searchbox . (that's "cranes1" spelled backwards)

What are the Different Types of Cranes?

A crane is a type of tower that is equipped with pulleys and cables and is used to lower and lift materials. Cranes are most commonly used in industry that requires heavy machinery, such as construction or other earth moving tasks.

Different types of Cranes?

There are many different styles and variation of cranes that abound in the world.  They are each used for specific tasks and the majorities are used for industrial purposes and are considered heavy equipment machinery.

Telescopic Crane
This crane has boom that consists of number of different fitted tubes that reside inside each other.  A hydraulic mechanism is what extends or retracts the tubes to increase or decrease the length of the main boom.

Tower Crane
This crane is fixed to the ground and gives a great combination of height and lifting capacity.  It’s commonly used in construction to build sky scrapers and other tall buildings. 

To save space and to provide stability the vertical part of the crane is typically braced directly onto the completed building which is normally the concrete lift shaft located in the center.

Truck Mounted Crane
a crane that is mounted on a rubber tire truck that drives around for maximum portability.  When in operation Outriggers extend horizontally and then vertically to both level and stabilize the crane for hoisting operations.

Rough terrain crane
this is a crane that is mounted on an undercarriage contains four rubber tires and is designed for pick-up and carry operations. 

Outriggers extend first horizontally and then vertically to both level and stabilize the crane for hoisting operations.

Crawler crane
an undercarriage mounted crane that also has a set of tracks that provide extra stability and mobility.

Loader crane
a loader crane is fitted to a trailer and used to unload/load goods onto the trailer.  It contains many different jointed sections that can be folded into a smaller space when the crane is not being used.  One of the sections may be able to telescopic in and out.

Overhead crane or suspended crane
the hoist is located on a trolley that moves in one direction along one or two beams and is always at a right angle.  These cranes are often mounted on the side of an assembly area.

Stacker crane
a crane with a mechanism similar to a forklift that is used in automated warehouses.  The crane moves on a track located in a warehouse and the fork can be raised or lowered to various storage levels to retrieve products. 

Stacker cranes are most often used in hazardous environments like freezer, so worker dos not have to tolerate harsh conditions.

Hydraulic Cranes

A crane is a mechanical lifting device equipped with hoists, wire ropes and sheaves that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. Cranes are commonly employed in the construction industry and in manufacturing heavy equipment.

Cranes are machines that use levers and/or pulleys to lift significant weights. A crane one passes on the road may look like a fairly modern invention, but these machines have actually been used for at least the past 2000 years, if not longer.

The Romans used cranes to build huge monuments. Medieval churches were constructed with them. Also, the Egyptians may have used them to create pyramids. The modern version can be either simple or complex, and cranes vary based on their application.

A relatively simple crane is the mobile crane. A telescopic boom (arm) or steel truss mounts its movable platform. Either pulleys or levers raise the boom. Generally a hook suspends from the boom.

The platform of a mobile crane can either have traditional wheels, wheels designed for railroad tracks, or a caterpillar track, which is useful for navigating unpaved and uneven surfaces.

Mobiles can be used for demolition or earthmoving by replacing the hook with an appropriate tool, such as a wrecking ball or bucket. Telescopic cranes, with a series of hydraulic tubes fit together to form the boom, can also be mobile.

Truck mounted and rough terrain cranes

are both essentially mobile as well. The truck-mounted crane generally has outriggers to increase its stability. Rough terrain cranes tend to have a base that resembles the bottom of a 4-wheel drive vehicle.

Outriggers also stabilize these cranes. They tend to be used in rough terrain, as the name suggests, and are frequently used to pick up and transport materials.

Loader cranes

have hydraulic powered booms fitted onto trailers. They load goods onto the trailer and the jointed sections of the boom are folded down when not in use.

The loader may also be considered telescopic, as one section of the boom, in some designs, may telescope for ease of use.

Stacker cranes

are most frequently seen in automated warehouses where they tend to follow an automatic retrieval system. For example, in huge automated freezers, these cranes, equipped with forklift apparatus, can work by remote, stacking or obtaining foods as needed. This retrieval system makes it possible to keep workers out of the cold.

Gantry cranes

Most often found in ports and railroads, where they unload and move huge containers off of ships and trains. The bases are huge crossbeams which run on rails, so lifted containers can be moved from one location to another. The portainer is a special type of gantry that lifts materials on and off ships.

Floating cranes

mounted on barges or pontoons are also essential to the shipping industry. Situated in water, they are used to construct ports, salvage ships or build bridges.

Like portainers, floating cranes also can unload ships. They are able to handle very heavy loads and awkwardly shaped containers.

Tower cranes

conversely, do not generally have a moveable base. These are often the tallest cranes, and have to be assembled piece by piece. The base looks like a long ladder, and the boom is perpendicular to the base.

Tower cranes are used to construct tall buildings, and in the case of skyscrapers, the tower crane is often assembled and affixed inside the building itself during construction.

All cranes

represent a meeting of simple machines, used for the purpose of reducing workload. However simple they may seem, they are instrumental in many aspects of industry.

They can dig, move, create, or destroy, depending on their type. Cranes exemplify that sometimes the oldest ideas are the best ones.

Gantry Cranes

An Increasingly Popular Alternative to Overhead Bridge Cranes

Long popular in Europe, gantry cranes have become a widely accepted alternative to overhead bridge cranes. This type of crane is similar to the bridge crane except that it runs on a runway at the floor level. The bridge is supported by a pair of rigid steel legs which are carried by a pair of end trucks along the floor level runway.

• often costs less than a bridge crane
• built to heavy duty Class D specifications, which meet the demands of high duty cycles and multiple shift operation, as well as providing decades of reliable service for all applications
• available in spans to 150 feet and capacities to 150 tons
• can be used either indoors or outside

NAI Specialized Gantry Cranes:

Single-Leg Gantry Crane

A combination of the bridge crane and gantry crane. One leg rides on the floor, while the other side’s end truck rides on a runway beam.

Unique Trackless Gantry Crane

Unlike most gantry cranes, which run on ASCE rails or an inverted angle iron, North American Industries offers gantry cranes that are specially designed to allow one leg to ride directly on a smooth concrete floor.

Thus, the cost and travel barriers normally associated with gantry tracks are eliminated. For applications where a smooth, clean floor is not possible, or in high capacities, our gantry cranes can ride on a leveled, 1/2" high steel plate.

 This floor-mounted plate provides an alternative to a 4" high rail track and still permits unobstructed access to the cranes’ work area by forklifts, work carts and personnel.

A Gantry Crane May Save You Money

Because gantry cranes ride on the ground rather than on overhead runways, they don't require a runway structure. Nor do they usually require concrete foundations. Their installation is fast and simple.

Depending on the environment and application, gantry cranes can sometimes provide the same material handling capabilities as a comparable bridge crane system, but with a significant cost savings.

The following chart shows a typical example of the cost savings in purchasing a gantry crane instead of an overhead bridge crane.

Please note that this price workup is only meant to be a demonstrative example of one instance where a gantry crane is advantageous for the customer. Contact our sales department for more information on whether a gantry crane is the best option for your specific needs.

For a 10 ton 60’ span Single Girder crane with a 200’ Runway 25’ high:

However, not all Gantry Cranes cost less than their bridge crane counterparts. A gantry crane is a more cost-effective alternative if:

• You are currently in a leased facility and do not want to make a major investment in a bridge crane runway structure.
• You may be planning to move the crane in the near future and want to take your entire investment with you.
• You require a crane system that moves loads between the interior and exterior of your building.
• You need long runway structures of over 150 feet where the runway steel and f
•  
• Work Station Bridge Cranes
• Foundation costs are very high.

Work Station Bridge Cranes

Enclosed track workstation bridge cranes by your supplier are offered in either stand alone workstation bridge crane kits, also known as free standing workstation bridge cranes, or ceiling mounted workstation bridge crane kits.

Features of Track Workstation Bridge Cranes

Enclosed track workstation bridge crane systems are pre-engineered modular and infinitely expandable, reduce vertical space and support requirements, and are ergonomically designed with a 100 to 1 productivity ratio and utilize a self cleaning V-profile design which maintains alignment of end trucks and trolleys.

Bridge cranes have large diameter polyamide wheels, which are extremely free rolling (steel wheels optional), with steel guide rollers to prevent end trucks from racking or binding.

Stand Alone Workstation Bridge Crane Components

Ceiling Mounted Workstation Bridge Crane Components

Easy, ergonomic movement

An operator pushing a 1000 lb. load will experience a force of approximately 10 lb. to begin moving the load and 8 lb. to continue moving the load (100 to 1 ratio).

Manual cranes also operate more quickly than motorized cranes, making a workstation bridge crane ideal for fast paced work environments.