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Surveillance
is the monitoring of behavior. Systems surveillance is the process of monitoring
the behavior of people, objects or processes within systems for conformity
to expected or desired norms in trusted systems for security or social control.
Clinical
surveillance refers to the monitoring of diseases or public healthrelated
indicators (for example symptoms indicating an act of bioterrorism) by epidemiologists
and public health professionals.
Although
the word surveillance in French literally means "watching over",
the term is often used for all forms of observation or monitoring, not just
visual observation. Nevertheless, the all-seeing "eye in the sky"
is still a general icon of surveillance.
Surveillance in many modern cities and
buildings often uses closed-circuit television cameras. Although surveillance
can be a useful tool for law enforcement and security companies, many people
have concerns about the loss of privacy.
However,
surveillance also includes simple, relatively no- or low-technology methods
such as direct observation, observation with binoculars, postal interception,
or similar methods. Counter surveillance, inverse surveillance, sousveillance.
Surveillance is the art of watching over the activities of persons or groups
from a position of higher authority.
Surveillance
may be covert (without their knowledge) or overt (perhaps with frequent reminders
such as "we are watching over you"). Surveillance has been an intrinsic
part of human history.
Sun
Tzu's The Art of War, written 2,500 years ago, discusses how spies should
be used against a person's enemies. However, modern electronic and computer
technology have given surveillance a completely new field of operation. Surveillance can be automated using computers,
and people leave extensive records that describe their activities.
Counter
surveillance is the practice of avoiding surveillance or making surveillance
difficult. Before computer networks, counter surveillance involved avoiding
agents and communicating secretly.
With recent developments the Internet, increasing prevalence
of electronic security systems, and computer databases counter surveillance
has grown in scope and complexity. Now counter surveillance involves everything
from knowing how to delete a file on a computer to avoiding becoming the target
of direct advertising agencies.
Inverse surveillance is the practice of reversalism
on surveillance, e.g., citizens photographing
police, shoppers photographing shopkeepers, and passengers photographing cab
drivers who usually have surveillance cameras in their cabs.
A
well-known example is George Haliday's recording of the Rodney King beating.
Inverse surveillance attempts to subvert the panoptic gaze of surveillance,
and often attempts to subvert the secrecy of surveillance through making the
inverse surveillance recordings widely available (in contrast to the usually
secret or restricted surveillance tapes).
Surveillance (a term coined by Steve Mann, a professor at the University of Toronto) is inverse surveillance that includes
the recording of an activity by a participant in the activity.
Recent
surveillance workshops such as Microsoft's Continuous Archival and Recording
of Personal Experience are evidence of a growing surveillance industry including
Microsoft (wearable cameras), Nokia, Hewlett Packard ("Casual Capture")
and many others.
Clinical
surveillance is the monitoring of events (including, for example, the occurrences
of infectious diseases or chronic diseases) with a significant impact on public
health.
Increasingly, clinical surveillance is being used
to inform public policy in allocating health care resources and meeting patient
needs. As health care becomes increasingly
dependent on information systems and the use of clinical surveillance becomes
more widespread, privacy concerns may arise.
Patient-centeredness is a form of clinical surveillance in which
information is managed with equivalence and transparency. Equivalence is the
balance between surveillance and sousveillance. It has been suggested that
equivalence might better preserve the contextual integrity of veillance data.
Impact of
surveillance
The
greatest impact of computer-enabled surveillance is the large number of organizations
involved in surveillance operations. The state and security services still
have the most powerful surveillance systems, because they are enabled under the law.
However, today levels of state surveillance have increased, and
using computers, they are now able to draw together many different information
sources to produce profiles of persons or groups in society. Many large corporations
now use various form of "passive" surveillance
. 
This
is primarily a means of monitoring the activities of staff and for controlling
public relations. However, some large corporations actively use various forms
of surveillance to monitor the activities of activists and campaign groups
who may affect their operations. Many companies trade in information lawfully,
buying and selling it from other companies or local government agencies that
collect it.
Companies who wish to use it for marketing or advertising purposes
usually buy this data. Many small groups and individuals obtain personal information.
Some of this is for harmless purposes, but increasingly sensitive personal information is being obtained for criminal purposes,
such as credit card and other types of fraud.
Modern
surveillance cannot be totally avoided. However, non-state groups may employ
surveillance techniques against an organization, and some precautions can
reduce their success. Some states are also legally limited in how extensively
they can conduct general surveillance of people they have no particular reason
to suspect. Note: In all the forms of surveillance mentioned below, the issue
of patterns is important.
Although in isolation a single piece of communications data seems
useless, when collected together with the communications data of other people
it can disclose a lot of information about organizational relationships, work
patterns, contacts and personal habits. The collection and processing of communications
data is largely automated using computers. See also Traffic analysis.
Telephones
and mobile telephones
The official and unofficial tapping of telephone
lines is widespread. The contracts
or licenses by which the state controls telephone companies means that they
must provide access for tapping lines to the security services and the police.
For mobile phones, the major threat is the collection of communications
data. These not only include information about the time and duration of the
call, but also from where the call was made and to whom.

These
data can be determined generally because the geographic communications cell
that the call was made in is stored with the details of the call. However,
it is also possible to get greater resolution of a person's location by combining
information from a number of cells surrounding the person's location.
Mobile phones are, in surveillance terms, a major
liability. This liability will only
increase as the new third-generation (3G) phones are introduced. This is because
the base stations will be located closer together.
Postal services
As more people use faxes and e-mail, the significance of the postal
system is decreasing. (This may not be the case in all countries, certainly
the case with international communications, but probably not local.) However,
interception of post is still very important to security services.
Surveillance
devices or "bugs"
Surveillance devices, or "bugs", are not really a communications
medium, but they are a device that requires a communications channel. A "bug"
usually involves a radio transmitter, but there are many other options for
carrying a signal; you can send radio frequencies through the main wiring
of a building and pick them up outside.
You can also pick up the transmissions from cordless
phones, and you can pick up the data
from poorly configured wireless computer networks or tune in to the radio
emissions of a computer monitor.

Bugs come in all shapes and sizes. The original purpose of bugs
was to relay sound. Today the miniaturization of electronics has progressed
so far that even TV pictures can be broadcast via bugs that incorporate miniature
video cameras (something made popular recently during TV coverage sports events,
etc.). The cost of these devices has dramatically fallen.
Computer surveillance
At
a basic level, computers are a surveillance target because large amounts of
personal information are stored on them. Anyone who can access or remove a
computer can retrieve information. If someone is able to install software
on a computer system, they can turn the computer into a surveillance device.
Computers can be tapped by a number of methods, ranging from the
installation of physical bugs or surveillance software to the remote interception
of the radio transmissions generated by the normal operation of computers.

Spy ware, a term coined by computer security expert Steve Gibson,
is often used to describe computer surveillance tools that are installed against
a user's will. High-speed Internet connections have made computers more vulnerable
than ever before.
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OF A VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SECURITY CAMERA ON THE INTERNET WILL
RESULT IN GREATER SAVINGS. FULL PROFITABILITY WILL RISE WITH
THE PROPER EQUIPMENT! CAN BE SENT AT DISCOUNT PRICES. YOU
CAN BUY NOW OR RENT. EQUIPMENT IS ON SALE WITH A PRICE COST
OF LOW DOLLARS AND CENTS. REFUND IS OFTEN IN CASH IF NOT SATISFIED.
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LEFTOVERS FROM FACTORY SECONDS, SURPLUS , DISCONTINUED MERCHANDISE,
GARAGE CLEAN OUTS, WAREHOUSE CLEANOUT, RETAIL CLOSEOUTS, ITEMS
FROM FACTORY REJECTS, OUT OF BUSINESS SALES & FACTORY
CLEAN OUTS. FINALLY, DON'T OVERLOOK CLOSEOUTS! WHEN BUYING
ONLINE, PAYPAL, MASTERCARD, DISCOVER, AMERICAN EXPRESS, AND
VISA ARE ALMOST ALWAYS ACCEPTED. RENTALS OF FIRST AND SECOND
QUALITY ARE POSSIBLE. SPECIAL PRICES ALWAYS APPEAR AT CLOSEOUT
AND DISTRESSED SALES. WE DO NOT BROKER OR BUY THESE ITEMS
FOR RESALE. ORDINARILY, THE SALE PRICE IS FINAL FOR USED EQUIPMENT,
REPOSSESSIONS, JUNK, INSURANCE SALVAGE OR FREIGHT SALVAGE.
DISTRESSED MERCHANDISE CAN BE A GOOD SOURCE OF GENERAL SUPPLY
FOR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. AGAIN, BUY NOW, BUY
NOW, BUY NOW. THE SALE PRICE MAY NEVER BE LOWER. SAVE $ $
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Photography
Photography
is becoming more valuable as a means of surveillance. In recent years, there
has been a significant expansion in the level of stills and video photography
carried out at public demonstrations in many countries.
At the same time, there have been advances in closed circuit television (CCTV)
technology and computer image processing that enable digital images
taken from cameras to be matched with images stored in a database.
Photographs have long been collected as a form of evidence. However,
as protest and civil disobedience become an ever-greater liability to governments
and corporations, images are gathered not only as evidence for prosecution,
but also as a source of intelligence information. The collection of photographs
and video also has another important function it scares people.
Closed-circuit
television
Closed-circuit
television (CCTV) with which the picture is viewed or recorded, but
not broadcast initially developed as a means of security for banks.
Today it has developed to the point where it is simple and inexpensive enough to be used in home security systems, and
for everyday surveillance.
The widespread use of CCTV by the police and governments has developed
over the last 10 years. In the UK, cities and towns across the country
have installed large numbers of cameras linked to police authorities.
The
justification for the growth of CCTV in towns is that it deters crime
although there is still no clear evidence that CCTV reduces crime. The recent
growth of CCTV in housing areas also raises serious issues about the extent
to which CCTV is being used as a social control measure rather than simply
a deterrent to crime.
The development of CCTV in public areas,
linked to computer databases of people's pictures and identity, presents a
serious risk to civil liberties. Potentially you will not be able to meet
anonymously in a public place.
You
will not be able to drive or walk anonymously around a city. Demonstrations
or assemblies in public places could be affected, as the state would be able
to collate lists of those leading them, taking part, or even just talking
with protesters in the street.
Electronic trails
Modern
society creates large amounts of transaction data. In the past, this data
would be documented in paper records and would leave a "paper trail"
but today many of these records are electronic, resulting in an "electronic
trail" that is easily reconstructed through automated means.
Every
time you use a bank machine, pay by credit card, use a phone card, make a
call from home, or otherwise complete a recorded transaction you generate
an electronic record.
When aggregated and analyzed, this information can identify individual
behavior patterns that describe how you live and work. One way to protect
autonomy and individual freedom in a paper-based world is through anonymous
transactions, for example by using cash.
When
transactions are electronic, that anonymity may be lost. Today, large aggregations
of transaction information are assembled by marketing, credit reporting, and
other data aggregation companies in order to analyze consumer behavior to
determine how companies should manage their marketing or sales strategies,
or to assess counterparty "trust" for financial transaction.
These data sets are also sold to other companies or to government
agencies for additional use. The availability of large data sets of transaction
information facilitates the use of automated surveillance or analysis techniques
such as data mining to perform dataveillance.
Data
profiling of individuals
Data profiling in this context is the process
of assembling information about a particular individual in order to generate
a profile that is, a picture
of their patterns and behavior (compare this use of the term data profiling
with that used in statistics or data management where data profiling is the
examination of information describing the data or data set itself).
Data profiling is used in security, law enforcement and
intelligence operations for a variety of applications for example,
to assess "trust" for security clearances or to grant authorization
relating to a trusted system, or to identify or apprehend suspects or threats.
The
government is able to access information from third parties for example,
banks, credit companies or employers, etc. by requesting access informally,
by compelling access through the use of subpoenas or other procedures, or
by purchasing data from commercial data aggregators or data brokers.
Under United States v. Miller (1976), data held by third
parties is generally not subject to Fourth Amendment warrant requirements.
Private companies and private investigators can also generally access or purchase
data from these aggregators.
Information relating to any individual transaction
is easily available because it is
not generally highly valued in isolation; however, when many such transactions
are aggregated they can be used to assemble a detailed profile revealing the
actions, habits and preferences of the individual.

In the past, much information about individuals has been protected
by practical obscurity (a term used by Justice Stevens in his opinion in USDOJ
v. Reporters Committee, 1989). Practical obscurity refers to the practical
difficulty of aggregating or analyzing a large number of data points in different
physical locations.
In
addition, information was often transient and not easily available after the
fact. Further, even where data was available, correlation of paper-based records
was a laborious process.
Electronic,
particularly digital, record-keeping has undermined this practical obscurity
by making data easily available and potentially making aggregation and analysis
possible at significantly lower costs.
Thus,
as more information becomes available in electronic form for example,
as public records such birth, court, tax and other records are made available
online the ability to
create very detailed data profiles increases and may raise concerns.
Identities
There are instances when we wish to hide our identity to
remain anonymous for a whole range of reasons. To eliminate this will
be a serious erosion of our civil liberties. This is possible as we move towards
the development of electronic identities. There are two aspects to this:
1.
Development of systems of credentials where you carry a card or a document;
and
2.
Development of biometrics where you are recognized from your unique
biological characteristics.
The
development of identity systems is being pushed on two fronts:
1.
The banking industry,
who wish to find a more fool-proof system of verifying financial transactions
than the possession of a plastic card or the use of a signature;
2. Law enforcement, who want a way
of identifying individuals easily, even if they have no reason (i.e. evidence)
to do so.
One
of the simplest forms of identification is the carrying of credentials. Some
countries have an identity card system to aid identification.
Other documents, such as driver's licenses, library cards, bankers
or credit cards are also used to verify identity. The problem with identity
based on credentials is that the individual must carry them, and be identifiable,
or face a legal penalty.
This problem is compounded if the form of the identity
card is "machine-readable," usually using an encoded magnetic stripe
that corroborates the subjects identifying data. 
In
this case it may create a document trail as it is used to verify transactions, like, for instance, swiping
an ID card before entering a night club or bar to confirm age and possibly
aid police in case of a criminal incident on the premises.
As a means of combating the problem of people carrying or falsifying
credentials, researchers are increasingly looking at biometrics measuring
biological or physical characteristics as a way to determine identity.
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VISA ARE ALMOST ALWAYS ACCEPTED. RENTALS OF FIRST AND SECOND
QUALITY ARE POSSIBLE. SPECIAL PRICES ALWAYS APPEAR AT CLOSEOUT
AND DISTRESSED SALES. WE DO NOT BROKER OR BUY THESE ITEMS
FOR RESALE. ORDINARILY, THE SALE PRICE IS FINAL FOR USED EQUIPMENT,
REPOSSESSIONS, JUNK, INSURANCE SALVAGE OR FREIGHT SALVAGE.
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One
of the oldest forms of biometrics is fingerprints. Every finger of every person
(identical twins included) has a unique pattern, and these have been used
for many years to help identify suspects in police inquiries.
A
finger/thumb print can be reduced to a brief numeric description, and such
systems are being used in banks and secure areas to verify identity.
However,
it should be noted that as of 2006, electronic fingerprint readers are subject to high error rates, misidentifying
individuals as frequently as one time in ten. A more recent development is
DNA fingerprinting, which looks
at some of the major markers in the body's DNA to produce a match.

However,
the match produced is less accurate than ordinary fingerprints because it
only identifies people to a certain probability of matching. Further, identical
twins have identical DNA, and so are indistinguishable by this method.
Handwriting primarily one's signature has been used
for many years to determine identity. However, other characteristics of the
individual can also be used to check identity.
Voice analysis has been used for some as a means to
prove identity, but it is not suited to portable use because of the problems
of storing a range of voiceprints.
However,
perhaps the two most viable portable systems, because identities can be reduced
to a series of numeric data points rather than a detailed image or sound,
are:
1.
Iris recognition. Some banks
are now using this method of security. The human iris has a unique
pattern that can be reduced to a simple series of numeric descriptions. The
iris reader matches the pattern of the iris to one stored and verifies the
match.
2. Facial recognition. The configuration of the facial features
can be used to accurately identify one individual from another. Again, the
configuration can be reduced to a short numeric description.
By combining some form of personal identifying feature, with a
system of verification it is possible to do everything from buying food to
traveling abroad.
The
important issue is how this information is managed in order to reduce the
likelihood of tracking. If you were to combine a particular biometric system
with new smart card technology to store the description, that system would
be immune from tracking (unless the transaction produced a document/electronic
trial).
However,
if the identifying features are stored centrally, and a whole range of systems
have access to those descriptions, it is possible that other uses could be
made of the data; for example, using high resolution CCTV images with a databases
of facial identities in order to identify people at random.
Human operatives and social engineering
The most invasive form of surveillance is the
use of human operatives. This takes two forms:
1.
The use of operatives to infiltrate an organization; and
2.
The use of social engineering techniques to obtain information.
In
groups dealing with issues that are directly contrary to government policy
the issue of infiltration often arises. In addition, where groups oppose large
corporations, infiltration by agents of the corporation may occur.
As
well as operatives, the police and security services may put pressure on certain
members of an organization to disclose the information they hold on other
members.
Running operatives is very expensive,
and for the state, the information recovered from operatives can be obtained
from less problematic forms of surveillance. If discovered, it can also be
a public relations disaster for the government or corporation involved.
For these reasons, the use of operatives to infiltrate organizations
is not as widespread as many believe. However, infiltration is still very
likely from other organizations who are motivated to discover and monitor
the work of campaign groups.
This
may be for political or economic motivations. There are also many informal
links between large corporations and police or security services, and the
trading of information about groups and activists is part of this relationship.

It
is not possible to guard against the infiltration of an organization without
damaging the viability or effectiveness of the organization. Worrying too
much about infiltration within the organization can breed mistrust and bad
working relationships within an organization. Rather like other forms of surveillance,
the professional infiltration of operatives into an organization is difficult
to guard against.
Another
more likely scenario, especially when dealing with third-party collections
agencies or banks seeking debt payment, as well as the media or corporate public relations, is
social engineering, also known as "pretexting."
This involves the inquiring agent phoning or physically talking
to the subject in a way as to make him believe they are someone else, or someone
with an innocuous interest in the subject.

The
inquirer's real, clandestine interest is to obtain some specific information
that they believe the subject possesses. This form of information gathering
is most often used, on a regular basis, by financial operatives pursuing delinquent
debts. In order to avoid disclosing sensitive information to undesirable third
parties, precautions may be taken.
One should not disclose sensitive information
over the telephone or in person to unverified third parties. Social engineering may be identified by asking a
series of questions to see if the inquirer is aware of facts or future plans
that they should not be aware of.
In
case the inquirer claims to represent a familiar financial institution or
other "trusted" organization, one may ask for a number to call back,
which may then be verified, either through a phone directory or organization
web site.
Journalists for well known media organization can be verified
by phoning the editor of that organization, but freelance or independent journalists
should be treated with care they could be working for anyone.
In
case one is member of certain organizations, such as activist groups, a balance
between privacy and accessibility is often necessary, especially when running
a public campaign. This often requires a security policy for dealing with
media and other inquiries.
Personal
counter-surveillance
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BE TITLED AS INTERNET SURVELLANCE CAMERAS, SECURITY VIDEO
CAMERAS AND DOME VIDEO CAMERAS. IN MANY CASES, YOUR PURCHASE
OF A VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SECURITY CAMERA ON THE INTERNET WILL
RESULT IN GREATER SAVINGS. FULL PROFITABILITY WILL RISE WITH
THE PROPER EQUIPMENT! CAN BE SENT AT DISCOUNT PRICES. YOU
CAN BUY NOW OR RENT. EQUIPMENT IS ON SALE WITH A PRICE COST
OF LOW DOLLARS AND CENTS. REFUND IS OFTEN IN CASH IF NOT SATISFIED.
IF YOU DECIDE TO BUILD YOUR OWN (DIY) YOU CAN OFTEN UTILIZE
LEFTOVERS FROM FACTORY SECONDS, SURPLUS , DISCONTINUED MERCHANDISE,
GARAGE CLEAN OUTS, WAREHOUSE CLEANOUT, RETAIL CLOSEOUTS, ITEMS
FROM FACTORY REJECTS, OUT OF BUSINESS SALES & FACTORY
CLEAN OUTS. FINALLY, DON'T OVERLOOK CLOSEOUTS! WHEN BUYING
ONLINE, PAYPAL, MASTERCARD, DISCOVER, AMERICAN EXPRESS, AND
VISA ARE ALMOST ALWAYS ACCEPTED. RENTALS OF FIRST AND SECOND
QUALITY ARE POSSIBLE. SPECIAL PRICES ALWAYS APPEAR AT CLOSEOUT
AND DISTRESSED SALES. WE DO NOT BROKER OR BUY THESE ITEMS
FOR RESALE. ORDINARILY, THE SALE PRICE IS FINAL FOR USED EQUIPMENT,
REPOSSESSIONS, JUNK, INSURANCE SALVAGE OR FREIGHT SALVAGE.
DISTRESSED MERCHANDISE CAN BE A GOOD SOURCE OF GENERAL SUPPLY
FOR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. AGAIN, BUY NOW, BUY
NOW, BUY NOW. THE SALE PRICE MAY NEVER BE LOWER. SAVE $ $
$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $.
|
Counter-surveillance is reliant on good information
security planning. Protecting information is the first stage of counter-surveillance.
But counter surveillance must also be seen as a balancing of opposing objectives.
If you are very good at restricting all information, that state
or corporations will have problems monitoring you. However, you are also likely
to become more isolated and secretive in the process.
Therefore,
like information security, counter surveillance requires an effort to protect
those activities or information that are sensitive, while giving less emphasis
to those activities that can be open to all.
Information security is primarily based on protecting equipment
with security procedures and barriers. Personal counter-surveillance is based
on much the same process, but instead you provide security and barriers around
your own personal habits. As humans we are creatures
of habit.
If
we exhibit very predictable habits, this makes monitoring of our activities
easier. But if on certain occasions we break our habits, it can also give away the fact that we are doing something
at that time which is not part of our everyday work.
The best way to begin thinking about
avoiding surveillance is to think about breaking the regular patterns in your
life. This masks regular activity, so making it harder to practice routine
surveillance.
But it also masks the times when you may undertake activities out
of the ordinary. Breaking regular patterns does not mean going to bed at different
times, or working different hours everyday. Instead it requires that any activities
you wish to avoid being the subject of surveillance are integrated into the
other events in your life but not to the extent that they become predictable.
If you change the route you take to work or to
shop on a random basis, you make it more difficult to monitor your movements.
If you build irregular appointments into activities that might involve surveillance,
it creates a background "noise" in the pattern of your activities
that masks any change in your habits. Securing the information on your computer
will help your overall security.
If
you have a portable computer you are presented with a whole new problem because
you move that system outside of your ordinary systems of security and access
barriers. Therefore special care should be taken with portable computers:
The
system should be secured with a BIOS password to prevent booting;
Use
encryption of the hard disk, where possible, to prevent access to the contents
of the hard disk if it is removed from the machine;
Ensure
that your portable computer has different passwords than those used on your
static equipment.
Securing
your information is fairly easy. But the main issue you will have to deal
with when considering personal surveillance is how to carry out meetings,
and networking with people, when you need to discuss sensitive issues.
Primarily,
when dealing with sensitive information, avoid generating any kind of documentation or opportunities for surveillance.
Think about implementing the following as part of your work:
If you are traveling to a sensitive meeting take a different route
going there and coming back, and if possible do not use the same bus or station
when going to or leaving the location you are traveling to. This lessens the
likelihood that your destination will be identified.
If
traveling on sensitive business, try to use public transport. Using you own
private cars will provide a traceable identity.
To avoid the CCTV systems in public places move with the crowd;
don't rush, don't cut corners, and don't look around for CCTV cameras.
If you can build in other events/appointments as part of your journey,
that will help provide an alternate motive for traveling to that area of a
town or city.
Facial recognition systems work primarily on the
configuration of facial features. To work they need to get a good view of the face.
Looking at a slight angle towards the ground, and wearing a hat with a brim,
helps fool the system.
If
you travel using public transport, roaming tickets are preferable to tickets
for a specific journey they give you more flexibility over the route,
and they are more difficult to associate a route traveled with a particular
ticket purchase.
If you have the time available and you can obtain a roaming ticket,
build in some extra time to your journey and change trains to make it hard
to piece together your journey from CCTV and surveillance sources.

If traveling in a town, avoid moving through the major shopping
areas, or "controlled environments" such as shopping centers. These
have the highest level of CCTV coverage.
Always
assume that public transport vehicles have CCTV installed traveling
during peak hours will help mask your presence.
To
make following you in person or via CCTV more difficult do not wear distinctive
clothes or carry distinctive objects blend in.
Darkness
aids anonymity, but is not a foolproof solution to the latest CCTV cameras
that can see in the dark.
If in doubt, turn it off. Better yet, remove the battery or leave the phone
in a place far enough away or contained so that if its microphone is remotely
activated, it won't be able to pick up your conversation.
If
traveling to a sensitive location, in urban areas do not use your phone within
two or three miles of the location, or in rural areas do not use it within
ten or fifteen miles of the location. This will prevent the creation of a
trail that associates you with that location on that day.
If
the location you are going to is nowhere near a route you regularly travel,
turn off your phone before you start your journey there.

However, do not always go to places far from your home. A truly
random sequence will include clustering. If you are always going locations
far from your home, they can be able to back track you to your home or office
based on the locations you are avoiding.
If
you desperately need to mask your location, let someone else carry your phone
around for the day but this is only realistic if you take all precautions
to prevent generating other document trails while you are moving around.
NOTE: SURVEILLANCE CAMERAS
COME WITH MANY NOMENCLATURES, SUCH AS DIGITAL VIDEO SURVEILLANCE
CAMERAS, REMOTE SURVEILLANCE CAMERAS, AND WIRELESS SURVEILLANCE
CAMERAS. HIGH VALUE BARGAINS CAN BE FOUND ON THESE, AND MAY
BE TITLED AS INTERNET SURVELLANCE CAMERAS, SECURITY VIDEO
CAMERAS AND DOME VIDEO CAMERAS. IN MANY CASES, YOUR PURCHASE
OF A VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SECURITY CAMERA ON THE INTERNET WILL
RESULT IN GREATER SAVINGS. FULL PROFITABILITY WILL RISE WITH
THE PROPER EQUIPMENT! CAN BE SENT AT DISCOUNT PRICES. YOU
CAN BUY NOW OR RENT. EQUIPMENT IS ON SALE WITH A PRICE COST
OF LOW DOLLARS AND CENTS. REFUND IS OFTEN IN CASH IF NOT SATISFIED.
IF YOU DECIDE TO BUILD YOUR OWN (DIY) YOU CAN OFTEN UTILIZE
LEFTOVERS FROM FACTORY SECONDS, SURPLUS , DISCONTINUED MERCHANDISE,
GARAGE CLEAN OUTS, WAREHOUSE CLEANOUT, RETAIL CLOSEOUTS, ITEMS
FROM FACTORY REJECTS, OUT OF BUSINESS SALES & FACTORY
CLEAN OUTS. FINALLY, DON'T OVERLOOK CLOSEOUTS! WHEN BUYING
ONLINE, PAYPAL, MASTERCARD, DISCOVER, AMERICAN EXPRESS, AND
VISA ARE ALMOST ALWAYS ACCEPTED. RENTALS OF FIRST AND SECOND
QUALITY ARE POSSIBLE. SPECIAL PRICES ALWAYS APPEAR AT CLOSEOUT
AND DISTRESSED SALES. WE DO NOT BROKER OR BUY THESE ITEMS
FOR RESALE. ORDINARILY, THE SALE PRICE IS FINAL FOR USED EQUIPMENT,
REPOSSESSIONS, JUNK, INSURANCE SALVAGE OR FREIGHT SALVAGE.
DISTRESSED MERCHANDISE CAN BE A GOOD SOURCE OF GENERAL SUPPLY
FOR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. AGAIN, BUY NOW, BUY
NOW, BUY NOW. THE SALE PRICE MAY NEVER BE LOWER. SAVE $ $
$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $.
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Payments
If
you are traveling to a sensitive location, don't pay by credit/debit card
or take money from a cash machine.
If
you need to spend cash when traveling to/working around a sensitive location,
do not spend the notes taken directly from
the cash machine (their sequential numbers may be logged). Keep a supply
of notes received as change elsewhere and use those.
If
you need to buy something when traveling to/working around a sensitive location,
do not give any loyalty cards or personalized money-off tokens as part of
your purchases they are traceable.
If you need to make a sensitive phone call that must not be directly
associated with you, do so from a public phone box. But beware, if you are
associated with the person at the other end of the call, and the content of
their calls (rather than just the data) is being monitored, your location
at that date and time will be discovered.
If
using public phone boxes, try to use them randomly across an area rather than
the ones that are closest to you. Also, try to avoid phone boxes on direct
transport routes to your home or place of work.
If
you wish to send something sensitive through the post, wear gloves to prevent
creating fingerprints when producing/packing the item, do not lick the envelope
or stamps to prevent creating a DNA sample, and post it in
a different location to where you normally post your letters (the further
the better) using stamps bought on a different day.
If
you print something, use a printer that can not be traced back to you. With
printer steganography it may be possible to find out when, and where a document
was printed.
If you need to send a sensitive fax, use a copy
shop/bureau that has a self-service desk.
If
you desperately need to keep in communication, buy a pay-as-you-go mobile
phone and only use it f |